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Detailed Area Plant List for Parfet Open Space (City of Golden), Jefferson County, United States.
Edited by Tom Schweich
This list is assembled from personal collections, herbarium vouchers, and published lists that were available at the time this list was prepared. There may be additional species of plants in this area that were unknown or undocumented at the time this list was prepared. For California, much of the data is provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria as indicated by a single dagger “†.” Their web site is at: (http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/). For Colorado, much of the data is provided by the Southwest Environmental Information Network as indicated by a double dagger “‡,” which web site is found at (http://swbiodiversity.org). See their respective websites for copyright information and recommended citation formats.
For a complete list of Locations included in this Area List, see the Locations Included section, below. For a check list, please see: Check List for Parfet Open Space (City of Golden), Jefferson County, United States.
 Habitat of Coll. No. 1272, Thinopyrum intermedium |
 Coll. No. 1709, Thinopyrum intermedium |
 Coll. No. 2552, Thinopyrum intermedium |
 Ciliate sheath margin of Coll. No. 2552, Thinopyrum intermedium |
Cupressaceae
Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana. Eastern Redcedar. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden), 4145. 6/1/2025. 4241. 7/16/2025. 4243. 7/16/2025. 4246. 7/16/2025. .
Anacardiaceae
Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. trilobata. (Syn: Rhus aromatica Aiton var. trilobata (Nutt.) A. Gray ex S. Watson ) Skunkbush Sumac. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4113.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene. Western Poison Ivy. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4130.
6/1/2025.
4250.
7/16/2025.
.
 Western Poison Ivy on the backbone of Dakota Ridge. |
 Western Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii) |
Apiaceae
Lomatium orientale J.M. Coult. & Rose. Salt-and-Pepper. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, to 20 cm., woody taproot; Leaves, compound, pinnate, 75 mm. × 26 mm. wide, ultimate divisions, ≤3 mm., ≤1 mm. wide, villous, tips, obtuse, (with a very small white “spine”); Inflorescence, compound umbel; Involucel Bracts, glabrous; Flowers, white; Anthers, red; Ovary, glabrous, stylopodium, absent; Fruit, 5 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, ovate, glabrous, dorsally compressed, lateral ribs winged (Described from Coll. No. 1837, 17 May 2018).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4105.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Raf. Leafy Wildparsley. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4118.
6/1/2025.
.
Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias speciosa Torr. Showy Milkweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4251.
7/16/2025.
.
.
 Showy Milkweed (Asclepias speciosa). |
 Seed pod of Asclepias speciosa |
 Seed of Asclepias speciosa |
Asclepias viridiflora Raf. Green Comet Milkweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
11 plants
4263.
7/16/2025.
.
Asteraceae
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Western Ragweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 40 cm., woody at base; Leaves opposite below, alternate above, 50 mm. × 22 mm., ovate, pinnately divided; Inflorescence indeterminate, appearing raceme-like, 2 kinds of flowers, pistillate heads many, distal, carpellate heads few, clustered in distal leafy axils; Phyllaries fused into a cup; Receptacle not chaffy; Pappus absent (Described from Coll. No. 1068, 8 Oct 2014).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4171.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Arnica fulgens Pursh. Shining Leopardbane. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb of wetlands, moist, or somehow equible areas, to 35 cm., glandular hairy throughout; Leaves, mostly basal and few cauline, basal, axils with 5 mm. brown wavy hair, petiole 50-70 mm. + blade 60-100 mm. × 12-30 mm. wide, 3.3-5 × longer than wide, lanceolate, tip obtuse, cauline, opposite, sessile, ±2 pair, much reduced; Inflorescence, showy, single heads on peduncle to 80 mm., flowers of two kinds; Involucre, 13-15 mm. × 22-30 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 2 ±equal series, 11-14 mm.× 3-3.5 mm. wide, margins, flat, tips, obtuse green with dark tips glandular-hairy abaxially; Receptacle epaleate; Rays, #12, fertile, tube 3-5 mm. + blade 16-19 mm. × 7-7.5 mm. wide = 19-24 mm., corolla yellow; Disc flowers, tube 7-7.5 mm. + lobes ≤1 mm. = 8-8.5 mm.; Pappus, bristles, 9 mm., white, barbelate; Anther, yellow; Achene, 5 mm., short hairy. Described from Coll. Nos. 1119, 1371, and 1871. Subtribe Arnicinae is a sister subtribe to Madiinae (tarweeds) and Hulseinae, which contains both Hulsea and Eatonella, both common in the Mono Lake basin. Described by Pursh in Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 527 “On the banks of the Missouri,” but this is not a Lewis & Clark collection. Perhaps it is a Nuttall collection from 1810. Holotype: BM?, Isotype: PH.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
Also collected here: Juncus arcticus var. balticus.
This parcel was designated a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
Edge of the parasailer landing field along US Highway 6, below the Welch Ditch, near the northeast boundary of the open space, disturbed mixed-grass prairie, 930 m. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3394.
1 Jun 2025.
(
EIU
FLD
OBI
)
.
.
Artemisia campestris L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Palmer & Steyerm. (Syn: Oligosporus caudatus (Michx.) Poljakov ) Field Sagewort. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden), With Artemisia ludoviciana and Alyssum simplex. Top of the ridge in the northeast part of the Open Space, near the windsock for the hang gliders, appears to be pre-development topography, 918 m. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden. Tom Schweich 3519. 11 Sep 2025. ( KHD ) . .
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Silver Wormwood. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4102.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Carduus nutans L. (Syn: Carduus nutans L. ssp. macrolepis (Peterman) Kazmi ) Nodding Plumeless Thistle. Weed: CO DofA, List: B. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual, to 55 cm., tap-rooted, branched at base; Leaves, basal, withered at flowering, cauline, alternate, decurrent 40 mm. + blade 75 mm. × 25 mm. wide, pinnately lobed, margins spiny; Inflorescence, single heads on spiny tomentose peduncles 2.5-15 cm.; Phyllaries, many graduated series, 9-20 mm. × 1-3 mm. wide, thick at base, mostly green, purplish at margins, mid-vein prominent, tip spiny; Receptacle, alveolate (honeycombed), flat, bristly; Disk flowers, 25 mm., color purple; Pappus, capillary bristles, 18 mm. (Described from Coll. No. 1517, 24 July 2016.)
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4258.
7/16/2025.
.
.
 Carduus nutans rosette. |
 Coll. No. 1711, Carduus nutans |
 Coll. No. 2551, Carduus nutans |
Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavy Leaved Thistle. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial thistle, to 30 cm., stout tap root; Stem, leafy, 20 cm.; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, petiole 25 mm. + blade 180 mm. × 55 mm. wide, oblanceolate, pinnately lobed more than half-way to mid-rib, cauline, reduced above, decurrent 5 mm., 45 mm. × 14 mm. wide, lanceolate, surface, adaxial, thinly tomentose, abaxial, tomentose, margins, spiny; Head, 35 mm. × 40 mm. wide, indented around top of peduncle; Phyllaries, many (7?) series, 13 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, + robust spine 5-6 mm., body dark dorsal ridge, outer and middle reflexed; Flowers, 1 kind; Disk flowers, 25-36 mm., corolla pink-purple; Pappus, plumose bristles; Cypsela, 5 mm., apical collar unremarkable. (Described from Coll. No. 1460, 27 June 2016).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4164.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Crepis occidentalis Nutt. (Syn: Psilochenia occidentalis (Nutt.) Nutt. ) Largeflower Hawksbeard. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, herb, to 25 cm., taprooted; Stem, green, tomentose, glandular, no bristles; Leaves, basal and cauline, alternate, petiole 20 mm. + blade 56 mm. × 17 mm. wide, reduced distally, pinnately lobed nearly to mid-rib, segments deltoid, tomentose, glandular; Inflorescence, heads #3 per stem, showy, >leaves; Peduncles, 23 mm.; Involucre, 12 mm. × 12 mm. wide, cyindric, tomentose; Phyllaries, 2 graduated series, 3.5 mm. &tmes; 2 mm. wide, deltoid, 12.5 mm. × 3 mm. wide, lanceolate, ±flat, tomentose, gland-tipped black bristles evenly distributed; Receptacle, epaleate; Ray flowers (ligules), many, tube 6 mm. + blade 12.5 mm. × 2.4 mm. wide, yellow; Pappus, 9 mm. well-developed, bristles, ±equal, smooth; Fruit, 2 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, brown, glabrous. (Described from Coll. No. 1894, 28 May 2018).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4110.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Ericameria nauseosa (Pall. ex Pursh) G.L.Nesom & G.I.Baird var. graveolens (Nutt.) Reveal & Schuyler. (Syn: E. n. (Pall. ex Pursh) G.L.Nesom & G.I.Baird var. glabrata (Gray) G.L. Nesom & Baird ) Goldy-Locks. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4101.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Ericameria nauseosa (Pall. ex Pursh) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird var. nauseosa. (Syn: Chrysothamnus plattensis Greene ) Rubber Rabbitbush. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
Between Kraschininnikovia lanata and E. nauseosa var. graveolens.
4232.
7/7/2025.
.
.
Erigeron divergens Torr. & A. Gray. Spreading Fleabane. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual or short-lived perennial, to 15 cm., tap-rooted, ±spreading hairy throughout, becoming minutely glandular above, hairs multicellular with clear crosswalls; Leaves, basal, absent or withered; cauline, alternate, petiole ±10 mm. + blade ±12 mm. × 2.4 mm. wide, uniformly hairy, somewhat reduced above; Inflorescence, heads borne singly on leafy stems, peduncles spreading or decurved, but cannot be described as “heads nodding;” Involucre, 3 mm. × limb 12 mm.; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, 2 kinds; Rays, corolla, 3.5 mm., white fading blue; Disk flowers, corolla, 1.7 mm., yellow; Pappus, short scales and longer capillary bristles, similar on ray and disk flowers; Cypsela, 0.8 mm. (Described from Coll. No. 1489. 13 July 2016. See also Coll. No. 3381).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4126.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Gaillardia aristata Pursh. Blanketflower. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Leaves, alternate, entire to toothed; Inflorescence, single heads on peduncles 13-18 cm., flowers of 2 kinds; Phyllaries, 2+ series, 17 mm. × 2.7 mm. wide, lance-linear; Receptacle, epaleate, setae, to 10 mm.; Rays, sterile, corolla, 21 mm. × 10 mm. wide, yellow, deeply 3-lobed; Disk flowers, corolla, 7 mm., purple; Pappus of 6+ aristate scales, 4 mm., awn 2×> body. Described from Coll. No. 1205, 12 Jul 2015.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4156.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Gaillardia aristata on Dakota Ridge. |
 Coll. No. 1665, Gaillardia aristata |
 Flowerhead of Coll. No. 1454, Gaillardia aristata |
Grindelia inornata Greene. Colorado Gumweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
With Ericameria nauseosa var. graveolens and Bromus inermis.
This parcel was designated a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
In a small gulch below Parfet Estates Drive, general topography is probably original but area disturbed by water line installation, 1.01 km. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3521.
11 Sep 2025.
(
KHD
)
.
.
 Coll. No. 3521, Grindelia inornata. |
 Leaves of Coll. No. 3521, Grindelia inornata. |
 Coll. No. 3521, Grindelia inornata. |
Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Curlycup Gumweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4174.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Obs. No. 4391, Grindelia squarrosa. |
 Obs. No. 4391, Grindelia squarrosa. |
 Obs. No. 4391, Grindelia squarrosa. |
 Grindelia squarrosa in my garden. |
Grindelia subalpina Greene. Subalpine Gumweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, 45-60 cm.; Stem, light brown, glabrous; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile, blade 45 mm. × 12 mm. wide, reduced distally, oblanceolate, adaxially glandular, margins, dentate, teeth separated 3-5 mm., apiculate; Inflorescence, heads, #3-4 per stem, not overtopped by leaves, showy, gummy exudate; Involucre, 10 mm. × 13 mm. wide, globose, resinous; Phyllaries, in 5± unequal graduated series, lower << rest of involucre, upper 8 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, resinous, margins, flat, tips, acuminate, lower coiled 360°; Pappus, few, well developed bristles, 3.5 mm, readily falling; Style, 2-branched, stigmatic portion 0.6 mm. + appendages 0.6 mm.; Cypsela, 1.6 mm. × 0.6 mm. wide, black, glabrous. (Described from Coll. No. 3530, 18 September 2025.)
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
iNaturalist Observation 313216472.
4396.
9/11/2025.
4400.
9/11/2025.
.
.
 Obs. No. 4396, Grindelia subalpina. |
 Obs. No. 4392, Grindelia subalpina in DeLong Park. |
 Coll. No. 3530, Grindelia subalpina. |
Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby. (Syn: G. linearifolia Lag. ) Broom Snakeweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, tap-rooted, to 9 cm.; Leaves, alternate, linear, 20 mm. × 1 mm. mm. wide, dotted with embedded oil glands, very few short hairs; Peduncle, 0.5-1.5 mm.; Inflorescence, some flowers with strap-shaped corollas, flowers of two kinds in same heads, Involucre, 3.5 mm. × 2.5-3.0 mm. wide, obconic, not gummy; Phyllary, 2-3 unequal series, inner folded around ovary of ray flowers, dotted with embedded oil glands, tips appressed; Receptacle, epaleate; Rays, #5, yellow; Disk, #4; Pappus, a well-developed crown of scales on both ray and disk flowers; (Described from Coll. No. 144, 3 Oct 1997: keys easily to Gutierrezia sarothrae. However, inner phyllaries are folded around ovary of ray flowers, a character not mentioned in keys or description.)
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4124.
6/1/2025.
With Artemisia ludoviciana, Symphyotrichum ericoides, and Opuntia polyacantha.
Designated as a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
Upper slope, southwest part of open space, 1.11 km. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3522.
11 Sep 2025.
(
FLD
)
.
.
Helianthus pumilus Nutt. Little Sunflower. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Leaves, cauline, alternate, occasionally opposite, then bases conjoined, simple, petiole 7-10 mm. + blade 55-86 mm. × 22-30 mm. wide, lanceolate, flat (not folded), margin, entire to lightly toothed, adaxial, pustular strigose, hairs multicellular, crosswalls clear, abaxial, glandular and strigose; Inflorescence, heads single to few on leafy stems, peduncles to 8-10 cm., hairy, glandular; Involucre, 9 mm. × 16 mm. wide; Phyllaries in 2+ series, similar, 6-10 mm. × 2.0-3.5(4) mm. wide, greene erect, ovate, strigose abaxially, margins ciliate, tip acuminate, not as “stiff” or “tough” as those of Coll. No. 1199; Receptacle, slightly convex, paleate; Disk, 17 mm. wide; Palea, 9 mm., tip, glandular, hairy distally; Flowers, 2 kinds; Ray flowers, sterile, #10-12, corolla, 17-25 mm. × (4)6-9 mm. wide, yellow; Disk flowers, corolla, 4-6 mm., yellow, lobes, #5, 1 mm., yellow, anther appendages reddish-brown; Pappus of few long (2.5-4 mm.) aristate scales; Cypsela, 3.5 mm. × 1.4 mm. wide, quadrangular,not laterally compressed black. Described from Coll. No. 1210, 1426, and 1704.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4162.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1704, Helianthus pumilus |
 Coll. No. 1426, Helianthus pumilis |
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners. (Syn: H. v. (Pursh) Shinners var. nana (A. Gray) Semple , H. v. (Pursh) Shinners var. villosa ) Hairy False Goldenaster. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 50 cm.; Leaves, cauline alternate, entire, 1-veined, distal perpendicular to stems, hairs > glands; Heads solitary, with both ray and disk flowers; Phyllaries in 2+ series, unequal, to 7 mm.; Rays, 9 mm.; Pappus double, outer narrow scales ≤ 1 mm. (easier to see on mature fruit), inner bristles, 6.5 mm., white; Fruit, disk 3 mm., hairy.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4163.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. var. polycephalus (Osterh.) B.L. Turner. Many-Headed Fine-Leaved Wooly-White. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 60 cm., ±tomentose throughout; Leaves, basal, petiole 35 mm. + blade 75-105 mm. × 30-50 mm. wide, oblanceolate in shape, base conspicuously tomentose, bipinnately dissected to filiform segments, ultimate leaf divisions (8)12-19 mm., cauline, similar, reduced above, #(4)5-8; Inflorescence, heads borne singly on peduncles, 22-45 mm.; Heads, (5)7-16 per stem; Involucre, 8 mm. × 15 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 1-2 series (vague what is a series and what not), 6-7 mm. × 2.5-4.0 mm. wide, inner > outer, green, tomentose, margins chartaceous, tips broad; Receptacle, epaleate, flat; Flowers, 1 kind; Disk flowers, corollas, 3.5 mm., yellow; Pappus, crown of scales, 0.8-1.2 mm.; Cypsela, 3-5 mm., hairy all over, more so on the angles. (Described from Coll. No. 1427, 15 June 2016, and Coll. No. 1504, 13 July 2016.)
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4165.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Lactuca serriola L. Prickly Lettuce. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual herb, Stems erect, Leaves basal 0 at flowering, cauline coarsely lobed, margins prickly-toothed, Fruit beak slender, many-ribbed, ~8 adaxial, ~5 abaxial (Described from Collection No. 911, 4 Oct 2012).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4123.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1749, Lactuca serriola |
 Coll. No. 3478, Lactuca serriola. |
Liatris punctata Hook. Dotted Blazing Star. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 32 cm.; Leaves, cauline, alternate, 78 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, gradually reduced above, linear, glandular punctate, margins, entire, revolute, sparsely hairy; Inflorescence, single heads in axils on short pedicels; Involucre, 16 mm. × 7 mm. wide, ±cylindrical; Phyllaries, in 2+ series, inbricate, 14 mm. × 3.8 mm. wide, glandular-punctate abaxially distally, margin, ciliate, scarious, tip acute; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, one kind; Disk flowers; Corolla, tube white 8 mm. + lobes purple 2.5 mm.; Pappus, bristles, one series, 10 mm., plumose; Cypsela, 7 mm., hairy. Described from Coll. No. 1264, 29 Jul 2015.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4367.
8/15/2025.
Dry, gravelly north-facing slope, with Rhus trilobata, Symphyotrichum ericoides, Linum sp., Cercocarpus montanus, Yucca glauca, and Bromus inermis.
This parcel was designated a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
Central part of the open space, in a less-disturbed area, just above the Welch Ditch and in between various trees and shrubs, 1.02 km. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3516.
11 Sep 2025.
(
OBI
)
.
.
 Coll. No. 1736, Liatris punctata |
 Coll. No. 3195, Liatris punctata. |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1264, Liatris punctata |
 Coll. No. 1264, Liatris punctata |
Scorzonera laciniata L. (Syn: Podospermum laciniatum (L.) De Candolle ) Cutleaf Vipergrass. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 40 cm., Leaves, basal and cauline, 7-20 cm., pinnately dissected into near-linear lobes, reduced but still well-developed above; Inflorescence, few heads on long stems; Phyllaries, in ±3 series, graduated, 4-13 mm. × 1.5-9 mm. wide, margins chartaceous, tips dark; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, ligulate (1 kind, 5-lobed), corolla yellow; Pappus of plumose bristles, Introduced, Europe (Old French: viper) (Described from Coll. No. 1399, 8 June 2016).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4120.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Schweich collection of Scorzonera laciniata |
Senecio spartioides Torr. & A. Gray. (Syn: S. multicapitatus Greenm. ex Rydb. ) Broomlike Ragwort. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 50 cm.; Leaves, basal, unknown, cauline, alternate, 90 mm. × 3 mm. wide, narrowly oblanceolate, reduced above to 30 mm. × 1 mm. wide, variously hairy in axils and ±lower surface; Involucre, 12.5 mm. × 6 mm., narrowly campanulate, bractlets not prominent; Phyllaries, 2 series? or 1 series with 2 forms? outer, 7.5 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, all green, inner, 7.5 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, centrally green with margins chartaceous, all tips dark; Receptacle, epaleate; Rays, fertile, corolla, tube 5 mm. + blade 9 mm. × 2 mm. wide, yellow, lobes 3; Disk flowers, corolla, 6 mm., yellow; Pappus, 1 series of fine capillary bristles, 5 mm.; Cypsela, 4 mm., 5-angled, dark gray, “hirtellous” throughout (not just the angles). Described from Coll. No. 1298, 23 Sep 2015.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4166.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Solidago L. Goldenrod. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden), 4244. 7/16/2025. . .
Symphyotrichum ericoides (Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom. (Syn: Virgulus ericoides (Linnaeus) Reveal & Keener ) White Heath Aster. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, woody at base, stems ascending, to 40 cm., spreading vegetatively, short hairy and minutely glandular throughout; Leaves, alternate, sessile, narrowly lanceolate or oblong, 7-9 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, entire, strigose, tip, small white spine; Heads, borne singly along stem, secund, occasionally 2 per stem, on leafy pedicels; Flowers, of 2 kinds; Involucre, 4 mm. × 5 mm. wide, bell-shaped; Phyllaries, 2+ series, 3-4 mm. × 0.7-0.8 mm. wide, white below with 1 brown or green vein, rhomboid green above, tip with very small spine; Receptacle, epaleate; Rays, corolla, white, tube 2 mm + ligule 5.0-6.5 mm., fertile; Disc flowers, corolla, yellow, tube 3.5 mm. + lobes 0.5 mm., (some?) lobes reddish; Pappus, bristles, fine, barbelate, 4 mm.; Cypsela, 1 mm. (Described from Coll. No. 1558, 3 September 2016 and Coll. No. 1743.5, 23 August 2017).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
Dry, gravelly north-facing slope, with Linum sp., Cercocarpus montanus, Rhus trilobata, Yucca glauca, and Bromus inermis.
This parcel was designated a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
Central part of the open space, in a less-disturbed area, just above the Welch Ditch and in between various trees and shrubs, 1.02 km. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3515.
11 Sep 2025.
(
KHD
)
.
.
 Coll. No. 3515, Symphyotrichum ericoides. |
 Secund head of Coll. No. 3527, Symphyotrichum ericoides. |
 Coll. No. 3198, Symphyotrichum ericoides. |
 Coll. No. 1743.5, Symphyotrichum ericoides |
Symphyotrichum fendleri (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom. Fendler's Aster. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 25 cm., caudex unknown; Stem, strigose; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile, blade 28 mm. × 2 mm. wide, reduced distally, linear to linear-oblanceolate, entire, margins regularly-spaced ciliate, tips white-spinulose; Inflorescence, 6± heads per stem; Involucre, 5 mm. × 7 mm. wide, bell-shaped; Phyllaries, unequal, 3± series, 4-5 mm. × 1.2 mm. wide, base indurate, diamond-shaped green distally, stipitate-glandular, margins flat, tips acuminate; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, of 2 kinds; Rays, #15±, tube 6 mm. + blade 6-7 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, blue; Disk flowers, many, 4 mm., yellow; Pappus, many well-developed bristles, 4.5 mm., brown to light tan ("cinnamon to sordid" in FNANM); Cypsela, 1 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide, light brown. The FNANM term "strigoso-hispid" may apply more accurately to stem and leaf margin hairs. (Described from Collection No. 3517, 11 September 2025.)
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
Dry, gravelly north-facing slope, with Rhus trilobata, Liatris punctata, Symphyotrichum ericoides, Linum sp., Cercocarpus montanus, Yucca glauca, and Bromus inermis.
This parcel was designated a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
Central part of the open space, in a less-disturbed area, just above the Welch Ditch and in between various trees and shrubs, 1.02 km. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3517.
11 Sep 2025.
(
FLD
KHD
OBI
)
.
.
 Coll. No. 3517, Symphyotrichum fendleri. |
Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (Syn: T. laevigatum (Willd.) DC. ) Common Dandelion. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4138.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Townsendia grandiflora Nutt. Largeflower Townsend Daisy. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 15 cm.; Stem, villous; Leaves, opposite below, alternate above, 32-43 mm. × 3 mm. wide, narrowly oblanceolate, long ciliate at base; Inflorescence, heads borne singly; Involucre, 12 mm. × 25 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 5+ imbricate series, 13 mm. × 2.5-3.0 mm. wide, ±equal, ovate, margin ciliate, tip acuminate, green around prominent mid-vein, chartaceous margins; Receptacle, flat, epaleate, very short bristles; Flowers of two kinds; Rays, sterile, pappus, scales, 0.6 mm., corolla, 14-21 mm. × 1.2-1.5 mm. wide, white with purple center; Disk, 14-21 mm. wide, pappus, bristles, 4.0 mm., corolla, 4.5-5.0 mm., yellow; cypsela, 4 mm. × 1.3 mm., laterally compressed (Described from Coll. No. 1247, 24 Jul 2015, and Coll. No. 1404, 8 June 2016).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4168.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Tragopogon dubius Scop. (Syn: Tragopogon dubius Scop. ssp. major (Jacq.) Vollman ) Yellow Salsify. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Peduncle inflated distally, flowers yellow, phyllaries in 1 overlapping series, ligules 3-5 mm. shorter than phyllaries.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4098.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1115, Tragopogon dubius |
Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) D. R. Morgan & R. L. Hartm. (Syn: Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners ) Spiny Goldenweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
In short grasses with Artemisia campestris, Grindelia subalpina, Mentzelia nuda, and Mirabilis linearis; Hybanthus verticillatus previously found nearby but not seen on this date.
This parcel was designated a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
Top of the ridge in the northeast part of the Open Space, appears to be pre-development topography, 950 m. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3520.
11 Sep 2025.
(
CS
)
.
 Coll. No. 2438, Xanthisma spinulosum |
 Coll. No. 2434, Xanthisma spinulosum |
 Detail of Coll. No. 2434, Xanthisma spinulosum |
Boraginaceae
Lithospermum occidentale (Mack.) Weakley, Witsell & D. Estes. (Syn: Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. occidentale (Mack.) B. L. Turner , Onosmodium molle Michx. ) Western Marbleseed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4134.
6/1/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 2107, Lithospermum occidentale |
 Gynobase of Lithospermum occidentale |
 Lithospermum occidentale on the west side of Green Mountain |
Brassicaceae
Alyssum simplex Rudolphi. (Syn: A. campestre (L.) L. var. simplex (Rudolphi) Willd. , A. minus Rothm. , A. parviflorum Fisch. ex M.Bieb. ) European Madwort. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual, tap-rooted, to 12-30 cm., stellate hairy throughout (typically doubly branched and 8-pointed); Stem branched at base, ascending; Leaves basal, withered at flowering, appear compound, cauline, alternate, 14-28 mm. × 3.5-5.0 mm., oblanceolate, margin entire, tip acute, sessile or vaguely short-petioled; Inflorescence not bracted; Pedicels, in fruit, 4.5 mm.; Sepals, 4, 2 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, deciduous in fruit; Petals 2.9-3.0 mm., yellow fading white,clawed, entire to tip slightly notched; Stamens, 2.5-2.6 mm.; Filaments, 2.3 mm., winged proximal 1.5-1.8 mm., not toothed; Style persistent, 1.3 mm., few hairs at base; Fruit round, 3.5-5.0 mm. × 5.6 mm. wide, margin entire, compressed parallel to the replum, hairy, hairs thinning as fruit matures; Ovules, 4 (most keys and descriptions say 2 when they give a specific number, but the genus is described as having 1-2[4] ovules). (Described from Clyde Golden, 25 Jun 2011, Coll. No. 1090, 30 Apr 2015, and Coll. No. 1367, 24 May 2016).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4099.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Alyssum simplex |
 Alyssum simplex |
 Fruit of Coll. No. 1090, Alyssum simplex |
 Coll. No. 1090, Alyssum simplex |
 Coll. No. 1367, Alyssum simplex |
Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. Little-Podded False Flax. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual, terrestrial, herb, 45 cm. to 80 cm. tall; Stem, erect, mostly single, some branched mid-stem, proximal, simple and forked hairs, distal, glabrous; Leaves, basal, absent or withered, cauline, #11-25, sessile, distal basally lobed 1.2 mm., 26-62 mm. × 6.5-10 mm. wide, reduced above, lanceolate, hairs simple and forked; Inflorescence, to 220 mm. × 35 mm. wide, not bracted, not one-sided; Flowers, radial; Pedicels, 4-8 mm., glabrous; Sepals, #4, rows, #1, 2.4-2.7 mm. × 0.8-1 mm. wide, ovate, color, green, margin chartaceous, tip purplish, abaxially hairy; Petals, 3.7-4.0 mm. × 0.7-0.9 mm. wide, oblong-spatulate, margin, entire, color, yellow; Stamens, #6, 3 mm.; Filaments, plain or maybe very narrowly winged; Anthers, 0.7 mm., ovate; Ovary, 1.8 mm. × 0.9 mm. wide; Style, 0.8 mm.; Stigma, capitate, 0.4 mm. wide; Fruit (mature), pedicels, 15 mm., 3 × than fruit, spreading, 5 mm. × 3.2-3.5 mm. wide, wider above middle, somewhat flattened, parallel to replum, coriaceous, short-winged (or strong-margined), valve mid-vein apparent but not prominent; Seeds, many, 1.0 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, angled, papillate (Described from Coll. No. 1876 and 1883).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4119.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1876, Camelina microcarpa |
 Coll. No. 2936, Camelina microcarpa. |
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. brachycarpa (Richardson) Detling, Amer.Midl. Naturalist. 22: 509. Western Tansymustard. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4121.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 2934, Descurainia pinnata ssp. brachycarpa. |
Thlaspi arvense L. Field Penny Cress. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual, tap-rooted, to 50 cm., generally glabrous throughout; Stem, single, or few-branched proximally; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, withered at flowering, cauline, sessile, auriculate, oblong, 30 mm. × 5-9 mm. wide, reduced distally, dentate; Inflorescence, raceme; Sepals, 2 mm. × 1 mm. wide, ovate; Petals, 3-3.5 mm. × 1 mm. wide, spoon-shaped, margin entire, white; Stamens, 2 mm.; Anthers, 0.5 mm.; Fruit, pedicels 10-15 mm., ascending to spreading, glabrous, fruit obovate, 10 mm. × 8 mm., wide, margin winged, tip notched 1 mm.; Ovules, biseriate, #many (Described from Coll. No. 1324, 4 May 2016).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4127.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvense |
 Habitat of Coll. No. 1365, Thlaspi arvense |
 Coll. No. 1365, Thlaspi arvense |
 Coarsely dentate leaves of Coll. No. 1820, Thlaspi arvense |
Turritis glabra L. (Syn: Arabis glabra (L.) Bernhardi ) Tower Rockcress. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Short-lived (?) perennial, terrestrial, herb, 45 cm. to 90 cm. tall; Roots, tap. Stem, erect, #1, (1 of 4 specimens has 2 stems), leafy, proximal, simple and forked hairs, distal, glabrous; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal simple, petiole, 6 mm., blade, 60 mm. × 15 mm. wide, oblanceolate, hairs, simple and forked, margin, dentate, tip, obtuse; cauline, #20, sessile, lobed, 2.5 mm., 40 mm. × 10 mm. wide, lanceolate, reduced above, margin, entire, becoming glabrous distally; Inflorescence, raceme, 70 mm. × 11 mm. wide, not bracted, not one-sided; Pedicels (at anthesis), 3-4 mm., glabrous; Sepals, #4, 2.5 mm. × 1.1 mm. wide, ovate, green, margin chartaceous; Petals, 4.5 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, spatulate, margin entire, color, pinkish, fading lavender; Fruit, (24-) 80-85 mm. × 0.9 mm. wide, ascending-appressed, glabrous, flattened, parallel to replum, style, base 0.4-0.5 mm. wide, stigma, 0.8-0.9 mm. wide; Ovules, biseriate, many, 0.7 mm. × 0.3 mm. wide, tan, translucent, wing not apparent. (Described from Coll. No. 1887, 28 May 2018).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4139.
6/1/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 1887, Turritis glabra |
Cactaceae
Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. (Syn: Echinocereus chloranthus (Engelm.) J.N.Haage , Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. var. chloranthus (Engelm.) Backeb. ) Nylon Hedgehog Cactus. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4167.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. Western Pricklypear. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial cactus, not distinctly mat-forming; Stem, segments, 90 mm. × 60 mm. wide, flattened, bluish-green, areoles, #5-6 per diagonal row, spaced 8-14 mm., proximal, glochids only, distal, glochids and spines, spines, #2, #1, 28 mm., erect, brown to tan at tip, #1, 12 mm., recumbent, nearly white; Flowers, petals, 36 mm. × 22 mm. wide, wedge-shaped, color yellow; Stamens, many, 18 mm., yellow; Style, 20-24 mm., stout; Stigma, lobes, #6-8, 3 mm.; Fruit, 38 mm. × 17 mm. wide, narrow at base, fleshy, green, areoles, mix of glochids and short spines. (Described from Coll. No. 1948, 15 June 2018.)
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4104.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 2371, Opuntia macrorhiza |
 Opuntia macrorhiza on Schweich Hill. |
 Obs. No. 1540, Opuntia macrorhiza |
 Coll. No. 1948, Opuntia macrorhiza |
Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Plains Pricklypear. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4153.
6/1/2025.
.
Cannabaceae
Celtis reticulata Torr. (Syn: Celtis laevigata Willd. var. reticulata L. D. Benson ) Net-Leaved Hackberry. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4169.
6/1/2025.
4257.
7/16/2025.
.
Caprifoliaceae
Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Western Snowberry. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Woody perennial to 50 cm., forming dense colonies in moist open swales, [spreading by long sparsely-branched rhizomes,] Twigs without lenticels, minutely hairy when young; Leaves opposite, ovate, to 7 cm. × 5 cm. wide, reduced above, thick, approaching leathery, pinnately veined, upper surface glabrous, lower few short white hairs, margin slightly wavy, slightly rolled under, sparsely curved hairy; Petioles to 7 mm.; Inflorescence axillary (and terminal?); Floral bracts triangular, 3 mm.; Flowers in dense axillary clusters, bisexual, ±radial, possibly slightly bilateral, 2 or more whorls; Corolla fused at base, tube 2-3 mm., throat with recurved hairs, lobes 5, 2.0-3.5 mm, slightly longer than tube, hairy within at level of stamen insertion, white with magenta mottling; Stamens 5, alternate, exserted or barely exserted; Filaments, 3.3-3.6 mm., tapered; Anthers versatile; Ovary inferior Pistil 1; Style exserted or barely exserted; Stigma entire; Fruit a berry, green when young, mature color and size unknown. (Described from specimen seen on Green Mountain, 2 August 2014 and Coll. No. 1252, 26-Jul-2015).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4249.
7/16/2025.
.
.
Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A. Gray. (Syn: S. oreophilus A. Gray , S. rotundifolius A. Gray var. parishii (Rydb.) Dempster , S. rotundifolius A. Gray var. rotundifolius , S. vaccinioides Rydb. ) Roundleaf Snowberry. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Shrub, to 70 cm.; Leaves, opposite, 12 mm. × 9 mm. wide, ovate, margin entire; Inflorescence, terminal racemes on short branches; Calyx, 1.5 mm.; Corolla, tube 10 mm. + lobes 1.7 mm., color ochroleucus, few hairs near base of tube (around the style); Stamens, #5; Filaments, free 2 mm.; Ovary, inferior; Style, 3.5 mm., glabrous; Fruit, berry, white. Described from Coll. No. 1654, 1 Jun 2017.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
determination tentative
4115.
6/1/2025.
.
Chenopodiaceae
Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. Four-wing Saltbush. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
With Artemisia ludoviciana, Kraschinnikovia lanata, and Bromus inermis.
Additional plants about 66 m. east on CDOT right of way. This parcel was designated a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
Slope above right bank of Welch Ditch, 955 m. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3518.
11 Sep 2025.
(
CAS
)
.
.
 Coll. No. 3518, Atriplex canescens. |
 Coll. No. 3369, Atriplex canescens. |
 Detail of Coll. No. 721, Atriplex canescens var. canescens |
Chenopodium album L. Lambsquarters. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4129.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1750, Chenopodium album |
 Coll. No. 3203, Chenopodium album. |
 Coll. No. 1750, Chenopodium album |
Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A. D. J. Meeuse & Smit. (Syn: Diotis lanata Pursh , Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moquin-Tandon ) Winter Fat. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
Four or five shrubs in immediate area.
iNaturalist Observation 254249441.
3898.
12/5/2024.
4397.
9/11/2025.
Mixed-grass prairie with Ericameria nauseosa varieties nauseosa and graveolens.
Designated a City of Golden open space in July 2025.
Western part of open space above the Welch Ditch, 1.09 km. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3447.
7 Jul 2025.
(
COLO
CS
FLD
REGIS
)
Also here: Juniperus virginiana, Ericameria nauseosa var. nauseosa, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Oenothera howardii, Andropogon gerardii, Bouteloua curtipendula, and Nassela viridula.
This parcel was designated a City of Golden open space in 2025.
North-facing slope between Parfet Estates and US Highway 6, about mid-slope between the Welch Ditch and the houses, 1.1km. (geodesic) southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich, with Nico Albaladejo 3487.
15 Aug 2025.
(
KHD
)
.
Elaeagnaceae
Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian Olive. Weed: CO DofA, List: B. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4143.
6/1/2025.
4242.
7/16/2025.
.
 Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) on the other side of the trail. |
 Coll. No. 1645, Elaeagnus angustifolia |
 Coll. No. 1437, Elaeagnus angustifolia |
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia esula L. [misapplied]. (=Euphorbia virgata Engelm.) Leafy Spurge. Weed: CO DofA, List: B. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4155.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Habitat of Coll. No. 1795, Euphorbia esula |
 Coll. No. 1657, Euphorbia esula |
 Coll. No. 1733, Euphorbia esula |
 Coll. No. 2473.1, Euphorbia esula |
Euphorbia myrsinites L. (Syn: Tithymalus myrsinites (L.) Hill ) Myrtle Spurge. Weed: CO DofA, List: A. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4262.
7/16/2025.
.
Fabaceae
Astragalus agrestis Douglas ex G. Don. Purple Milkvetch. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Coll. No. 1398, 8 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 15 cm., caulescent, basifixed straight appressed hairy throughout; Leaves, cauline, alternate, stipules, 5 mm., connate opposite petiole, compound, odd-pinnate, leaflets, #13, 8 mm. × 2 mm. wide, straight hairy, tip round; Inflorescence, upright ovoid cluster; Calyx, tube 4.5 mm. + lobes 3.5 mm. = 8 mm., mix of white and black hairs; Flowers, zygomorphic, 11 mm., blue-purple; Style, 7 mm., persistent; Legume, immature, 5 mm. × 1.7 mm. wide, stipe very short (0.4 mm.?), dense long straight soft hairy (Described from Coll. No. 1398, 8 June 2016).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4149.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Astragalus agrestis |
 Coll. No. 1402, Astragalus agrestis |
 Coll. No. 2989, Astragalus agrestis. |
 Coll. No. 1398, Astragalus agrestis |
Astragalus drummondii Dougl. ex Hook. Drummond's Milkvetch. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 35 cm., caulescent; Stem, rachis, abaxial leaf surfaces, and calyx spreading hairy, hairs basifixed; Leaves, cauline, compound, odd-pinnate, stipules, 9 mm., free, entire, leaflets, 23-27, 19 mm. × 5.5 mm. wide, wavy hairy abaxially and marginally, ±glabrous adaxially; Calyx, tube 6 mm. + lobes 3 mm. = 9 mm., green at base to cream color at tube and lobes, few dark wavy hairs, persistent; Corolla, 17 mm., color cream, banner, 17 mm., wings, claw 6 mm. + blade 9 mm., tip obtuse, keel, 14 mm., tip purple, Ovary, 9 mm.; Style, 4 mm., glabrous, persistent; Fruit, stalked 12 mm. + body 26 mm. × 4 mm. wide, pendant, smooth, glabrous, not inflated. Described from Coll. No. 1141, 9 Jun 2015.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4146.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1141, Astragalus drummondii |
 Flower of Coll. No. 1141, Astragalus drummondii |
 Fruit of Coll. No. 1141, Astragalus drummondii |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1141, Astragalus drummondii |
Astragalus flexuosus G. Don. Flexible Milkvetch. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb,
decumbent to ascending stems,
to 30-50 cm., not vine-like, caulescent, appressed basifixed hairy throughout;
Leaves, cauline, compound, odd pinnate, leaflets ±15-17,
terminal leaflet not modified into tendril,
stipules, entire, not lobed at base,
not connate (slightly) connate on side opposite to petiole,
leaflets, 11-12 mm. × 2-4 mm. wide, oblong, notched,
terminal leaflet 7 mm. < uppermost pair 8 mm.;
Inflorescence, raceme, arising from axils;
Calyx, 4 mm., tube >> lobes,not inflated in fruit;
Flower, zygomorphic,
banner, 9 mm.,
wings (2), 9 mm.,
keel, 5.5 mm., <wings, not beaked;
Style, 3 mm., glabrous, persistent;
Fruit, 9 mm. × 4.5 mm.,
substipitate 1 mm.,
not inflated,
compression lateral
sparse appressed hairs.
Described from Coll. No. 1148, 15 Jun 2015, and Coll. No. 1384, 1 June 2016.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4109.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Colutea arborescens L. Bladder Senna. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial shrub, to 2 m., woody below; Stem erect, unarmed; Leaves compound, odd-pinnate (with terminal leaflet); Leaflets, 11, 16 mm. × 12 mm. wide, notched at tip, glabrous above, sparsely appressed hairy below; Inflorescence a raceme, axillary, 9± flowers; Calyx, 5-merous, 5 mm. × 6 mm. dia., appressed hairy; Flowers, 19 mm., yellow, with dark markings; Banner, 10 mm.; Wings, 10 mm. × 4 mm., reduced in comparison to Lupinus; Keel, fully enclosing stamens and pistil, glabrous; Stamens, 10; Filaments, 9 fused, 1 free; Style, recurved; Fruit, inflated, bladder-like, 50 mm. × 22 mm., walls papery, color reddish fading to brown, base stalk-like; Seeds, reniform, flattened, 6 mm. × 4 mm. × 2 mm., brown, surface smooth; native to southern Europe (Described from Coll. No. 1066, 6 Oct 2014).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
determination tentative
4136.
6/1/2025.
4252.
7/16/2025.
.
.
Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden), 4114. 6/1/2025. . .
Oxytropis lambertii Pursh. Purple Locoweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, acaulescent, mostly dolabriform hairs (one arm much shorter than the other); Leaves, basal, pinnately compound, leaflets #17, terminal leaflet present; Inflorescence, raceme, peduncle 30 cm., pedicels very short; Bracts, 7 mm. × 1.6 mm. wide, green, lanceolate; Calyx, tube 7 mm. + lobes 4 mm. = 11 mm.; Flower, zygomorphic, various shades of magenta to purple, banner, 17 mm., wings, 16 mm., keel, 13 mm., blades united enclosing stamens, recurved beak; Stamens, #10, diadelphous (Described from Coll. No. 1385, 1 June 2016).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4152.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Purple Locoweed (Oxytropis lambertii) on top of North Table Mountain. |
 Coll. No. 1385, Oxytropis lambertii |
 Coll. No. 3415, Oxytropis lambertii. |
Pediomelum tenuiflorum (Pursh) A. N. Egan. (Syn: Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh , Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. ) Slimflower Scurfpea. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4108.
6/1/2025.
.
 Pediomelum tenuiflorum |
 Pediomelum tenuiflorum |
Linaceae
Linum lewisii Pursh. (Syn: Adenolinum lewisii (Pursh) A. Löve & D. Löve ) Prairie Blue Flax. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4112.
6/1/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 3119, Linum perenne. |
 Coll. No. 823, Linum lewisii |
 Coll. No. 1383, Linum perenne |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1951, Linum lewisii |
Loasaceae
Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torr. & A. Gray. (Syn: Nuttallia nuda (Pursh) Greene ) Bractless Blazing Star. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4401.
9/11/2025.
.
 Obs. 6301, Mentzelia nuda. |
 Mentzelia nuda on Schweich Hill. |
 U. S. Distribution of Mentzelia nuda. |
 Bractless Blazing Star (Mentzelia nuda) with last year's fruit. |
Malvaceae
Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. Cowboy's Delight. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4147.
6/1/2025.
.
 Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. On the lowest slopes of North Table Mountain. |
 Coll. No. 1423, Sphaeralcea coccinea |
Nyctaginaceae
Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl. (Syn: Oxybaphus linearis (Pursh) B. L. Robinson ) Narrowleaf Four O'Clock. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 1 m.; Stem, ascending through brush, glabrous below; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile, 90 mm. × 5 mm. wide, linear; Involucre, 15 mm., hairs with pale crosswalls; Flowers, 3 per involucre; Fruit, 4 mm. × 2.2 mm., obovate, ribs 4, hairy. Described from Coll. No. 1273, 30 Jul 2015.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
top of ridge
4399.
9/11/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 1273, Mirabilis linearis |
 Coll. No. 1525, Mirabilis linearis |
Onagraceae
Oenothera howardii (A. Nels.) W. L. Wagner. Howard's Evening Primrose. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
Mixed-grass prairie, with Ericameria nauseosa var. nauseosa, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Kraschinnikovia lanata, Allium textile, Andropogon gerardii, and Bouteloua curtipendula.
This parcel was designated a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
West central part of the open space, above the Welch Ditch, above the social trail and getting close to the houses, 1.06 km. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3396.
1 Jun 2025.
(
OBI
)
.
.
 Coll. No. 3396, Oenothera howardii. |
 Coll. No. 1430, Oenothera howardii |
Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch. (Syn: Gaura coccinea Pursh , Gaura glabra Lehm. ) Linda Tarde. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Herbaceous perennial, to 60 cm.; Stipules absent; Leaves alternate, 25 mm. x 5 mm., lanceolate, few toothed; Inflorescence straight, open; Bracts 2-3 mm.; Buds erect; Sepals fused to tip in bud, all coming free, reflexed, 6 mm., not persistent after flowering; Hypanthium 6 mm.; Petals entire; Stamens 8, < stigma; Anthers maturing in unison with stigma; Ovary at flowering > distal internode (ergo infl. "open"); Stigma 4-lobed; Fruit 7 mm., stalk-like base 0, erect, fusiform, gradually wider at middle, puberulent, indehiscent; Seeds few, 2 mm., glabrous, not winged (Decribed from Coll. No. 317, keyed 15 Dec 2012).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4125.
6/1/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 317, Oenothera suffrutescens |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1147, Oenothera suffrutescens |
 Overview of Coll. No. 1147, Oenothera suffrutescens |
 Coll. No. 1866, Oenothera suffrutescens |
Orobanchaceae
Castilleja integra A. Gray. Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4141.
6/1/2025.
.
Plantaginaceae
Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. (Syn: Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. ssp. dalmatica , Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. ssp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petitm. ) Dalmatian ToadFlax. Weed: CO DofA, List: B. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4137.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Penstemon secundiflorus Benth. Sidebells Penstemon. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4150.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Penstemon virens Pennell ex Rydb. Front Range Beardtongue. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4148.
6/1/2025.
.
Polemoniaceae
Gilia . Gilia. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
same as that seen on Tin Cup Ridge
4160.
6/1/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 4.1, Gilia |
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum alatum Torrey in L. Sitgreaves, Rep. Exped. Zuni Colorado Rivers. 168, plate 8. 1853. (Syn: Pterogonum alatum (Torr.) Gross ) Winged Buckwheat. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4264.
7/16/2025.
.
.
Eriogonum effusum Nuttall, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 4: 15. 1848. Spreading Buckwheat. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, woody at base, to 30 cm., Stem, floccose; Leaves, cauline, petiole 5 mm. + blade 20-25 mm. × 2-6 mm. wide, generally tomentose, except less so adaxially, ±flat, margin entire, , withered at flowering; Inflorescence, open cyme; Involucre, 1 per node, 2 mm., tomentose; Perianth, without stipe; Tepals, 1.8 mm., white to pink, described as yellow in Ackerfield (2015) and FNAMN; Achene, unknown. (Described from Coll. No. 1507.1, 22 Jul 2016, Coll. Nos. 1537 & 1541, 18 Aug 2016.)
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4154.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Eriogonum umbellatum Torrey, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York. 2: 241. 1827. Sulphur-Flower Buckwheat. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4107.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Habitat of Coll. No. 1445, Eriogonum umbellatum |
Rumex crispus L. Curley Dock. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4116.
6/1/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 2817, Rumex crispus |
 Coll. No. 818, Rumex crispus |
Ranunculaceae
Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. Western White Clematis. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4144.
6/1/2025.
Also collected here: Juncus torreyi.
Designated a City of Golden Open Space in July 2025.
Western edge of Parfet Open Space, growing around a small perennial spring, 1.16 km. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3452.
16 Jul 2025.
(
CS
EIU
FLD
REGIS
)
.
.
 Western White Clematis (Clematis ligusticifolia) on the fence and Louisiana sagewort (Artemisia ludoviciana) beside the trail. |
 Coll. No. 1970, Clematis ligustifolia |
Delphinium carolinianum Walter ssp. virescens (Nutt.) R.E. Brooks. (Syn: D. carolinianum Walter ssp. penardii (Huth) L. M. Perry , Delphinium virescens Nutt. ) Plains Larkspur. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4158.
6/1/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 2359, Delphinium carolinianum subsp. virescens |
 Coll. No. 1440, Delphinium carolinianum subsp. virescens |
 Coll. No. 1661, Delphinium carolinianum subsp. virescens |
Rosaceae
Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem. Saskatoon Serviceberry. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Shrub, to 1 m.; Stems, branches unarmed; Leaves, simple, petiole, 8 mm., blade, 22-32 mm. × 19-32 mm. wide, veins, pinnate, surface, sparsely hairy above, sparsely to moderately hairy below, margin, serrate; Flowers, borne singly, pedicels, 10 mm., petals 9 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, color cream; Ovary, inferior, tip hairy; Styles, #(4)5 (Described from Coll. No. 1800-1801, 7 May 2018)
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4255.
7/16/2025.
.
.
Cercocarpus montanus Raf. Alder-Leaf Mountain Mahogany. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Described by Rafinesque from a specimen collected by Edwin James of the Long Expedition, 1820, probably in present Jefferson County, Colorado. Rafinesque was somewhat frustrated by Torrey's reluctance publish a new species name in assigning James' collection to C. fothergillides Humb. Bonpl. And Kunth.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4132.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Crataegus erythropoda Ashe. Cerro Hawthorn. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
determination tentative
4133.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 2930, Crataegus erythropoda. |
Rosa acicularis Lindl. ssp. sayi (Schwein.) W. H. Lewis. (Syn: Rosa acicularis Lindl. , Rosa sayi Schweinitz ) Say's Acicular Rose. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Prickles on new growth, leaflets 5-7(9), flowers 1-3
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
Fine prickles densely on new growth, 7(8) leaflets per leaf.
4248.
7/16/2025.
.
.
 Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi on North Table Mountain. |
 Coll. No. 3027, Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi. |
 Coll. No. 3398, Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi. |
 Coll. No. 2545, Rosa acicularis var. sayi |
Rosa arkansana Porter. Prairie Rose. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Low-growing perennial, to 20 cm.; Stem, straight slender unequal prickles, present on new growth; Leaves, alternate, compound, leaflets (7)9-11, 20 mm. × 9 mm. wide, serrate, teeth dark-tipped, unclear whether there is glandular exudate, sparsely villous on both sides; Flowers, in clusters of 2-5; Sepals, 16 mm. × 3 mm. wide, abaxial, stalked glandular, adaxial, glandular hairy; Petals, 28 mm. × 21 mm. wide, color pink (Described from Coll. No. 1456, 27 June 2016).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4117.
6/1/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 3410, Rosa arkansana. |
 Coll. No. 3410, Rosa arkansana. |
 Coll. No. 1456, Rosa arkansana |
 Coll. No. 1670, Rosa arkansana |
 New growth of Coll. No. 1670, Rosa arkansana |
Rubiaceae
Galium aparine L. (Syn: Galium aparine L. var. echinospermum (Wallr.) Farw. , Galium spurium L. ) Sticky Willy, Cleavers. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual/perennial unknown, weak-stemmed and scrambling through shrubs and grass; Stem, retrorsely scabrous on angles (but not densely so); Leaves, whorls of 6-8 (more leaves above, fewer below), 46 mm. × 4 mm. wide, oblanceolate, margins retrorsely scabrous, tips with a short spine; Flowers, corolla, greenish-white, lobes 1 mm.; Fruit, 1.3 mm., covered with hooked hairs (Described from Coll. No. 1395, 8 June 2016).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4170.
6/1/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 1395 Galium aparine |
Santalaceae
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl. (Syn: Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. var. pallida (A. DC.) M. E. Jones ) Pale Bastard Toadflax. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4122.
6/1/2025.
.
Sapindaceae
Acer negundo L. (Syn: Acer negundo L. var. interius (Britton) Sarg. , Negundo aceroides (L.) Moench ) Box Elder. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Tree, ±5 m.; Branches, young, soft short hairy (var. interius); Leaves, opposite, ternately compound, leaflets 3; Pistil 1; Stigma, branches 2; Fruit, 2 winged 1-seeded samaras. (Described from Coll. No. 1102, 11 May 2015).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4142.
6/1/2025.
.
Ulmaceae
Ulmus pumila L. Siberian Elm. Weed: CO DofA, List: C. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4245.
7/16/2025.
.
 Figure 1. Composite photo of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.) |
Violaceae
Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baill. Baby Slippers. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
Also seen or collected on this ridge: Artemisia campestris, Grindelia subalpina, Townsendia grandiflora, Xanthisma spinulosum, Mentzelia nuda, and Mirabilis linearis.
This parcel was designated a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
East central portion of the open space, on the southwest end of a small ridge that appears to part of the pre-development topography, 970 m. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3397.
1 Jun 2025.
(
CAS
UCR
)
.
 Coll. No. 2517, Hybanthus verticillatus. |
 “Nuttall's Violet” on Schweich Hill. |
 “Baby Slippers” Hybanthus verticillatus found in a yard in Golden. |
 Coll. No. 3397, Hybanthus verticillatus. |
Vitaceae
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. (Syn: Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern.) Fritsch ) Virginia Creeper. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4135.
6/1/2025.
.
 Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) out-competing bladder senna (Colutea arborescens) in Cressman Gulch. |
Amaryllidaceae
Allium textile A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. Textile Onion. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4256.
7/16/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 2302, Allium textile |
 Habitat of Coll. No. 1134, Alliaceae Allium textile |
 Coll. No. 2933, Allium textile |
 Bulb coat of Coll. No. 1134, Allium textile |
 Coll. No. 1134, Allium textile |
Asparagaceae
Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagus. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4151.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1510, Asparagus officinalis |
Yucca glauca Nutt. Soapweed Yucca. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4128.
6/1/2025.
.
 Yucca glauca “Soapweed Yucca” on Dakota Ridge. |
Commelinaceae
Tradescantia occidentalis (Britton) Smyth. Prairie Spiderwort. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4159.
6/1/2025.
.
 A Tradescantia occidentalis “Prairie Spiderwort” with intense color. |
 Habitat of Coll. No. 1142, Tradescantia occidentalis |
 Color variation in Tradescantia occidentalis. |
Cyperaceae
Carex inops L. H. Bailey ssp. heliophila (Mack.) Crins. (Syn: C. pensylvanica Lam. ssp. heliophila (Mack.) W. A. Weber ) Sun Sedge. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 16 cm., prior year leaves to 23 cm.; Rhizome, 5-10(12) cm.; Culm, 11.5 cm. × 0.6 mm., ±triangular, but obscured by white striations at least when dry; Leaves, 12 cm. × 1.5 mm., ±flat, some folded ≤30°.; Inflorescence, multiple spikes, all approximate, 1-2 pistillate spike(s) below, 1 staminate spike above; Bracts, lowest, blade 8 mm., sheath 4.5 mm., papery; Pistillate spike, peduncled 1.0-1.3 mm., 9 mm., brown (not black); Staminate spike, terminal, 12-16 mm., ovoid (not cylindric), brown (not black); Scales, >perigynum body; Perigynum, pubescent on faces, margin ciliate; Achenes, unknown. Described from Coll. No. 1079, 23 April 2015, and Coll. No. 1568, 3 Apr 2017.
- ,
Grassy east-facing slope, most other plants still dormant or just beginning to grow.
Lowest slopes of Mount Zion, below Windy Saddle Park, 1.25 km southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 1568.
03 Apr 2017.
(
CDA0050039‡
COLO2299741‡
CS
EIU
JCOS s.n.
)
.
Juncaceae
Juncus arcticus (Willd.) Trautv. var. balticus (Willdenow) Trautvetter. (Syn: Juncus arcticus (Willd.) Trautv. ssp. ater (Rydb.) Hultén , Juncus ater Rydb. , Juncus balticus Willd. , Juncus balticus Willd. ssp. ater (Rydb.) Snogerup , J. balticus Willd. var. montanus Engelm. ) Arctic Rush. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, to 1 m.; Leaves, basal sheaths only; Inflorescence, appears lateral; Bract, appearing to be extension of stem, 14-18 cm., >stem; Flowers, many per stem, (obs. 20); Stamens, 5. Described from Coll. No. 1269, 29 Jul 2015.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4247.
7/16/2025.
Also collected here: Arnica fulgens.
This parcel was designated a City of Golden Open Space in 2025.
Edge of the parasailer landing field along US Highway 6, below the Welch Ditch, near the northeast boundary of the open space, disturbed mixed-grass prairie, 930 m. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3395.
1 Jun 2025.
(
OBI
)
.
.
 Coll. No. 3018, Juncus arcticus var. balticus. |
 Coll. No. 1269, Juncus arcticus var. balticus |
Juncus torreyi Coville. Torrey's Rush. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
Also collected here: Clematis ligusticifolia.
Designated a City of Golden Open Space in July 2025.
iNaturalist Observation 298436857.
Western edge of Parfet Open Space, in still water just below a spring, 1.16 km. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3451.
16 Jul 2025.
(
JCOS s.n.
KHD
OBI
UCR
)
.
Melanthiaceae
Toxicoscordion paniculatum (Nutt.) Rydb. (Syn: Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Watson , Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Watson ) Foothill Death Camas. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4173.
6/1/2025.
.
 Likely Toxicoscordion paniculatum whose leaf tips were scorched by the Hogback Fire (2023). |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 2055, Toxicoscordion paniculatum |
Poaceae
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Crested Wheat Grass. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4172.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Agrostis gigantea Roth. (Syn: Agrostis alba L. ) Redtop. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial grass, to 95 cm., rhizomatous; Roots, fibrous; Stem, herbaceous; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated, sheath, 80 mm., open, glabrous, ligule, membranous, 4 mm., auricles, absent, blade, 70 mm. × 2 mm. wide, flat, scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, panicle, 15 cm. × 4 cm. wide, 5-7 branches; Rachis, not extended, sparsely scabrous; Spikelets, many, 2.3 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, similar, borne singly, pedicels, 0.7-2.0 mm., 1-flowered; Compression, unremarkable; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Glumes, lower, 1.8 mm., veins, #1, sparsely scabrous, upper, 1.8 mm., >lowest floret, veins, #3, obscure, ±parallel; Lemma, 1.7 mm., <glumes, membranous, veins, ≤3; Palea, 1.0 mm., <lemma; Anthers, #3, 1.2 mm. (Described from Coll. No. 1980, 13 July 2018.)
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
Small swale, with Ambrosia psilostachya, Linum sp., Bromus inermis, and Festuca sp.
Designated a City of Golden Open Space in July 2025.
Western side of Parfet Open Space, about mid-slope between Welch Ditch and the houses, 1.15 km. southwest of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3450.
16 Jul 2025.
(
CAS
FLD
KHD
)
.
.
 E. H. Brunquist collection of Agrostis gigantea |
 My collection of Agrostis gigantea from Ranson/Edwards. |
 Coll. No. 1225, Agrostis stolonifera |
Andropogon gerardii Vitman. Big Bluestem. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, to 85 cm., clumped, rhizomes unknown; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated; Sheath, 11 cm., open; Ligule, membraneous (though surrounded by hairs), 3 mm., auricles 0; Blade, soft, flat, 27 cm., hairy near ligule; Inflorescence, 80 mm., > leaves, 1-2 per stem, in 5-6 digitate branches, spikelets many; Rachis, soft bristles on margins and at nodes; Disarticulation at nodes of rachis; Spikelets in pairs, Sterile spikelet, 7 mm., pedicel 4.5 mm.; Fertile spikelet, Florets #1, Glumes, awns 0, ±equal, lower keeled, upper flattened and grooved; Lemma, 6 mm., membraneous, rolled, glabrous, tip 2-forked, awn, #1, 13 mm., bent, twisted, attached on back; Stamens, 3; Anthers, yellow; Ovary, glabrous; Stigma, feathery. (Described from Coll. No. 1060, 28 Aug 2014).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4403.
9/11/2025.
.
.
 Dissected spikelet pair of Coll. No. 1060, Andropogon gerardii |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1265, Andropogon gerardii |
 Spikelets of Coll. No. 1265, Andropogon gerardii |
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Sideoats Grama. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4402.
9/11/2025.
.
.
 Habitat of three common grasses in Windy Saddle Park |
 Coll. No. 1241, Bouteloua curtipendula |
 Coll. No. 1241, Bouteloua curtipendula |
Bromus inermis Leyss. (Syn: B. inermis Leyss. ssp. inermis ) Smooth Brome. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial grass to 1 m., rhizomatous; Leaves, sheath, 8-11 cm., closed, ligule, <1 mm., membraneous, blade, 12-17 cm × 0.5 cm., flat, soft, with a distinguishing fold, usually described as an “M” or a “W” that is difficult to see when dry; Inflorescence, panicle, 15 cm. × 4 cm. wide, multiple 1° branches per node, mostly on one side of rachis; Spikelets, 1 per node on 1° and 2° panicle branches, 15-24 mm. × 5 mm. wide, laterally compressed, 2-6 florets per spikelet; Glumes, 2, keeled, glabrous, lower, 7-8 mm., veins 1 upper, 8-10 mm., <lowest floret; Rachilla, sparsely hairy on abaxial side, extended beyond uppermost floret or not; Callus, small, glabrous; Lemma, 11-12 mm., veins, 3, 5, 7, obvious, tip bifid, some awned; Awn (when present), 1.0-1.6 mm., arising near tip of lemma; Palea, 9 mm., veins ciliate. (Described from Coll. No. 1113, 26 May 2014, and Coll. No. 1219, 16 Jul 2015).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4106.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Bromus japonicus Thunb. Japanese Cheat Grass. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Coll. No. 1207, 13 Jul 2015, characters observed: Annual grass, to 40 cm.; Leaves, sheath, 60 mm. closed + 12 mm. open, pilose (but not densely so), ligule, membraneous, + some hairs, blade, hairy; Inflorescence, panicle, >leaves; Pedicel, 20 mm.; Spikelets, 1-3 per panicle branch, 22 mm. × 6 mm. wide, elliptical, drooping; Glumes, #2, <lowest floret, lower, 4.5 mm., veins 3, upper, 5.5 mm., veins 5; Rachilla, short hairy; Callus, glabrous; Florets, #12, 2-ranked, closely held hiding rachilla; Disarticulation between florets; Lemma, 8 mm. × 4 mm. wide, margin, hyaline, 0.5 mm., tip bifid, awn, #1, 5-12 mm. long, mid-spikelet awns longest, flattened at base, not twisted, attached near bifid tip. Described from Coll. No. 1207, 13 Jul 2015.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4157.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1207, Bromus japonicus |
 Coll. No. 1461, Bromus japonicus |
 Coll. No. 1207, Bromus japonicus |
 Coll. No. 1207, Bromus japonicus |
Bromus tectorum L. (Syn: B. tectorum L. var. glabratus Spenn. ) Cheat Grass. Weed: CO DofA, List: C. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual grass, to 30 cm.; Leaves, Sheath, 50 mm., closed proximal ⅔, open distally, Ligule, membraneous, 1 mm.; Blade, 60 mm.; Inflorescence, open panicle, rachis and pedicels short hairy, Spikelets, 1 per node, 15 mm., laterally compressed; Glumes, 2, sparsely hairy, margins scarious, lower, 2.3 mm., veins indistinct, upper, 4.5 mm. Callus, glabrous, very short, Florets, ±6, Lemma, 6.5 mm., 0.7 from mid-vein to margin, back rounded, sparsely hairy, tip, forked, teeth 1 mm., awned from near tip, awn, 5-7 mm.; Anthers, 3, 0.4 mm. Described from Coll. No. 1112, 26 May 2015. Dimensions are small for B. tectorum, perhaps because of the early date of collection.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4100.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1112, Bromus tectorum |
Dactylis glomerata L. Orchard Grass. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial grass, to 1.0-1.2 m.,
not rhizomatous,
basal or subterranean internodes not swollen;
Stem herbaceous;
Leaf,
Sheath open and closed observed, published descriptions are roughly equally divided as to whether the sheath is open or closed,
Ligule membraneous, 5 mm.;
Blade, differentiated from sheath, base not constricted, soft,
25 cm. × 0.7 cm. wide, not sharp-pointed;
Auricle, rounded, <1 mm., generally described as 0;
Infloresence exceeding leaves, 13 cm., panicle, well developed, erect, 1° branches open, branching 4° or 5°;
Spikelets not enclosed in a bur-like involucre,
not subtended by bristles or long silky hairs,
similar throughout plant,
all on one side of rachis,
crowded in dense clusters,
on 2°-4° panicle branches
1 per node,
axis few hairy,
some spikelets appear to be infertile;
Glumes, 2
< lowest floret,
lower, 3.5 mm, smaller and thinner than
upper, 6 mm.,
keeled,
glabrous to ciliate on keel, else sparsely hairy;
Florets
not modified into bulblets
4+ per spikelet ,
have feathery stigma-like material but no ovary (immature?),
uppermost vestigal floret not club-shaped rudiment (as seen in Melica);
Lemma
lowest largest, 5 mm., reduced above,
keeled, line of hairs on keel,
5 veins,
tip forked,
awn 1.0-1.5 mm.;
Palea
light green
with 2 veins
forked at tip.
Described from Collection No. 815, 9 May 2012, Alameda County, CA and
Coll. No. 1111, 26 May 2015, Jefferson County, CO.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4131.
6/1/2025.
.
.
Eriocoma hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Rydb. (Syn: Achnatherum hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Barkworth , Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker , Stipa hymenoides Roem. & Schult. ) Indian Rice Grass. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4259.
7/16/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 477, |
Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth. (Syn: Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. ) Needle and Thread. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, 50 cm., clumped, nonrhizomatous; Roots, fibrous; Stem, herbaceous; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated; Sheath, 100-120 mm., open ≥½, glabrous; Ligule, membranous, length 3.7 mm., lacerate into 2 equal parts, auricles 0; Blade, 60 mm., involute, glabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, panicle, 200 mm. × 30 mm. wide; Rachis, not extended, somewhat scabrous throughout; Spikelets, many, similar, borne singly; Compression, unremarkable; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Glumes, lower, 23-34 mm., veins #3, upper, 23-29 mm., veins #5, awl-shaped, rounded, membranous, ±equal, tip, very narrow, not awned; Florets, 1 per spikelet; Callus, 4.5-50 mm., sharp, straight hairs 1.0-1.5 mm., color tan; Lemma, 9.5-10.0 mm., rolled, indurate, straight hairy 0.5 mm., color white-tan, veins #3(?), awns, #1, 125-160 mm., twisted and short straight hairy proximal 45 mm., bent, scabrous distally; Palea, 9 mm., ±lemma, few white hairs on mid-vein; Stamens, #3; Anthers, 6.5 mm. (Described from Coll. No. 1890, 28 May 2018).
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4161.
6/1/2025.
4260.
7/16/2025.
4261.
7/16/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 992, Stipa comata var. comata |
 Coll. No. 1929, Hesperostipa comata |
 Florets of Coll. No. 1890, Hesperostipa comata |
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. Prairie Junegrass. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial bunch grass, to 45-55 cm., non-rhizomatous; Leaves, mostly basal or lowest cauline, cauline, sheath, 90 mm., open, ligule, <1-1.5 mm., membraneous, auricles, 0, blade, 40 mm., tip prow-shaped or merely constricted; Inflorescence, panicle, 60 mm. × 9 mm., shiny in anthesis due to exposure of translucent palae, short branches, branches short soft hairy; Spikelets, 5 mm., 1 per node on 1°-3° or indistinct panicle branches; Glumes, lower, 3 mm., veins 1, upper, 4 mm., veins 3; Florets, 3, #1 and #2 pistillate, #3 staminate, or variously mixed bisexual and pistillate, open, i.e., palea separated from lemma; Disarticulation, between florets; Rachilla hairy, extends nearly 1 mm. above upper floret (or not); extension undecorated; Lemma, 4.5 mm., veins 5, short hairy throughout, awn, 0-0.5 mm., short, soft; Palea, =lemma, translucent or colorless, exposed, i.e., outside lemma.; Stamens, 3, 1.8 mm. Described from Coll. No. 1131, 9 June 2015, and Coll. No. 1144, 15 Jun 2015.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4103.
6/1/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1131, Koeleria macrantha |
 Coll. No. 1117, Koeleria macrantha |
 Coll. No. 1131, Koeleria macrantha |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1419, Koeleria macrantha |
Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth. (Syn: Stipa viridula Trin. ) Green Needlegrass. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial grass, 70-100 cm., clumped, non-rhizomatous; Stem, herbaceous; Leaves, cauline, sheath, 17 mm., ligule, 3 mm., membraneous, collar with few hairs at sides, blade, to 30 cm., convolute; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, panicle, 20-25 cm.; Rachis, lightly scabrous, not extended beyond upper spikelet; Compression, unremarkable; Spikelets, 1 per node; Florets, 1 per spikelet, bisexual; Glumes, 2, 8-9 mm., ±equal, rounded, membraneous, colorless, exc. 3 green veins, tip, short (2 mm.) hair-like awn; Disarticulation, above the glumes, Florets, 1 per spikelet; Callus, short; Lemma, 5-6 mm. × 1.2 mm. wide, <glumes, green, hairy, <1 mm., indurate, enclosing grain, awns, #1, 20-25 mm., twisted, bent, short hairy (±0.2 mm.); Palea, 1.5-2.0 mm., <lemma, membraneous, glabrous; Stamens, #3. Described from Colls. No. 1146, 1652, and 1698.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden),
4253.
7/16/2025.
.
.
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1146, Nassella viridula |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1146, Nassella viridula |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1652, Nassella viridula |
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash. Little Bluestem. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Open Space (City of Golden), 4254. 7/16/2025. .
| Total number of taxa: | 110 |
| Native Taxa: (serif, italic, bold) | 82 |
| Non-native Taxa: (sans-serif, italic) | 26 |
| Nativity Undetermined: (default font, italic) | 2 |
| Listed Weeds: Identified as Weed | 7 |
Notes:
† -- Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/).
‡ -- Southwest Environmental Information Network, SEINet. 2009-2014. http//:swbiodiversity.org/seinet/index.php. Accessed from July 2009 to September 2014.
Locations Included in This Area
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Date and time this article was prepared: 11/3/2026 12:19:41 PM.
