Coll. No. 2005, Erigeron glacialis

Comments: 1/26/2019, Coll. No. 2005, 25 July 2018, characters observed: Perennial herb, 50 cm., caudex, taprooted; Stem, proximal stem glabrous to distal stem pilose; Leaves, alternate, largest, petiole 60 mm. to sessile distally, blade 120 mm. × 30 mm. wide, reduced distally, oblanceolate, to ovate distally, entire, glabrous to sparsely pilose distally, especially on veins, margins, ciliate; Inflorescence, #1-3 per stem, showy, flat-topped, >leaves; Peduncles, 40-70 mm.; Involucre, 11 mm. × 20 mm. wide, hemispheric; Phyllaries, 3± series, 8 mm. × 1 mm. wide, green with purple tips, glandular, margins, flat; Flowers, 2 kinds; Ray flowers, #30-40, tube 3 mm. + blade 11 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, coiling, blue, fertile; Disk flowers, many, tube 3.5 mm. + lobes, 0.5 mm., expanding slightly, yellow, bisexual; Pappus, single series, many, well-developed, capillary bristles, 2.4-3.6 mm.; Anther, 1.5 mm., base rounded; Cypsela, 1.8 mm. × 0.3 mm. wide, compressed front to back, brown, hirsute, no beak.

Coll. No. 2009, Solidago multiradiata

Comments: 2019, Missed the uniquely ciliate winged petioles when keying this one out.

Coll. No. 2011, Calamagrostis stricta

Comments: 1/27/2019, Coll. No. 2011, 25 July 2018, characters observed: Perennial grass, 90-100 cm., rhizomatous; Leaves, sheath, 120 mm., open, minutely scabrous; ligule, membranous, 4 mm., auricles, absent, collar, minutely hairy; blade, 160 mm. × 3.2 mm. wide, scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, contracted panicle, 150 mm. × 15 mm. wide; Spikelets, many, 3.8 mm. × 0.8 mm. wide, similar, 1 per node; Compression, ±lateral; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Glumes, lower, 3.8 mm., veins, #1, upper, 3.2 mm., >lowest floret, veins, #3, keeled proximally, keels scabrous, awns, #0; Florets, 1 per spikelet; Callus, straight white hairs, 2.5 mm., ≤lemma; Lemma, 3 mm., <glumes, tip, 2-forked; awns, #1, 2.5 mm., straight, attached below middle; Palea, 1.9 mm., <lemma, membranous. , 2/26/2019, This might be Calamagrostis canadensis, per JLW.

Coll. No. 2018, Draba nemorosa

Comments: 5/30/2019, Coll. No. 2019, 18 Apr 2019, characters observed: Annual, to 7 cm., scapose, 0-1 stem leaves, hairs, stalked stellate, 3-4 points; Leaves, basal, 13 mm. × 5 mm. wide, elliptical, hairy both sides; Inflorescence, raceme, pedicels nearly glabrous, fruiting pedicels >> fruit; Sepals, #4, 1.5 mm., green turning yellow; Petals, #4, 2.5 mm. × 1 mm., yellow; Fruit, 5-6 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, hairy.

Corolla of Coll. No. 2035, Mertensia lanceolata

Comments: 7/20/2019, Coll. No. 2035, 26 May 2019, characters observed: Perennial, relatively short (<40 cm.); Leaves, cauline, adaxial surface slightly pustular strigose directed toward apex; Calyx, not divided to base; Corolla, tube 6.5 mm. + lobes 7.5 mm., fused 5.5 mm., ring of white hairs near (2.2 mm.) base; Filaments, 3.5 mm., attached below (0.5 mm.) fornices, filaments > anthers; Anthers, #6 (!), 1.8-1.9 mm., versatile.

Woolly hairs in axils of basal leaves of Coll. No. 2038, Arnica fulgens

Comments: 8/2/2019, Coll. No. 2038, 26 May 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, 25 cm., fibrous roots; Stem, glandular to densely glandular distally; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, petiole 40 mm. + blade 46 mm. × 12 mm. wide, long brown woolly hairs in the axils, 3-5± subparallel veins, cauline, opposite, 2-3 pairs, sessile, reduced distally, elliptical, glandular adaxial and margin, margin, sinuate to entire, tips, round; Inflorescence, head, 1 per stem, showy, >leaves; Involucre, hemispheric, 11 mm. × 25 mm. wide; Phyllaries, in 2 series (not strongly overlapping), ±equal, 13 mm. × 2.8 mm. wide, green, margin of inner series chartaceous, tips, purplish-red, glandular, margins, ±flat; Receptacle, epaleate, short bristles; Flowers, 2 kinds; Ray flowers, #12-14, tube 4 mm. + blade 11 mm. × 5 mm. wide, yellow, fertile; Disk flowers, many, tube 6 mm. + lobes 1 mm., expanding gradually, yellow, open, bisexual; Pappus, well-developed bristles, barbellate, 7.5 mm.; Cypsela, 4 mm. × 1.3 mm wide, compressed front to back, hairy on angles.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 2055, Toxicoscordion paniculatum

Panicle at base of inflorescence of Coll. No. 2055, Toxicoscordion paniculatum.

Comments: 10/22/2020, Original determination: Zigadenus paniculatus var. gramineus.

Comments: 9/29/2019, Coll. No. 2056, 4 Jun 2019, characters observed: Perennial sedge; Habit, caespitose; Culms, to 50 cm., slightly scabrous especially below the inflorescence; Leaves, 1.7 mm. wide, green, sheaths, white-hyaline, ventrally smooth; Inflorescence, 29 mm. × 10 mm. wide, loosely clustered; Spikes, identical appearing, 6 mm. × 5 mm. wide, terminal and lateral androgynous (there are no anthers, but the flowers at the top of each spike contain white filaments); Bracts, 5 mm., proximal, 10 mm., <inflorescence, leaf-like; Pistillate scales, 3.5 mm., <perigynia, mid-vein green, brown laterally, hyaline margin; Perigynia, #12 per spike, 4 mm. × 1.6-1.8(2) mm. wide, weakly winged, ±veinless, glabrous, beak, 1 mm., flattish, dorsally bulged and the margin is displaced but not onto the ventral face; Achene, 2.3 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, biconvex, short oblong; Stigmas, #2; Anthers, n/a;

Stout and erect caudex of Coll. No. 2064, Packera plattensis.

Inconspicuous calyculi in the head of Coll. No. 2064, Packera plattensis

Comments: 10/6/2019, This was originally identified in the field as P. streptanthifolius, however, in the office was determined P. plattensis. Coll. No. 2064, 6 June 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, 25-35 cm., caudex, some, perhaps the older ones, are stout and erect; Stem, tomentose, especially in axils, thinning distally; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, petiole, 35-40 mm, long, thin not winged, tomentose, blade 20-24 mm. × 7-9 mm. wide, ovate, some (7 of 23 = 30%) lyrate, 2-7-2.8 × longer than wide, mid-vein tomentose thinning distally, tips, mostly entire, few 3-toothed, cauline, reduced distally, sessile, base not auriculate, increasingly pinnatisect distally; Inflorescence heads #3-5 per stem, >leaves; Peduncles, 8-12 mm.; Involucre, 5 mm. × 9 mm. wide, ovoid, thinly tomentose; Phyllaries, in 2 equal series, 5.5 mm. × 1.0-1.3 mm. wide, green, thinly tomentose, margins, flat, scarious, tip, reddish brown; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, of 2 kinds; Ray flowers, #10-12, tube 3 mm. + blade 6.5-7.5 mm. × 2.7 mm. wide, color yellow, fertile; Disk flowers many, tube 4 mm. + lobes 0.5 mm., throat expanding gradually, yellow, open, bisexual; Pappus, many, well-developed. Bristles, 4.5 mm., ±equal; Fruit, 1.2 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide, compressed front-to-back, color brown, margin, thinly pubescent or fringed(?).

Coll. No. 2069.1, Osmorhiza, cf. O. depauperata

Comments: 10/8/2019, I put depauperata on this one because it seems more "Short hairy to glabrous" than "glabrous to fine hairy."

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 2070, Carex nebrascensis

Comments: 10/9/2019, Coll. No. 2070, 6 June 2019, Characters observed: Perennial sedge, rhizomatous; Culms, to 30 cm., lightly scabrous below head; Leaves, 5.5 mm. wide, green, glabrous, sheaths, white-hyaline, ventrally smooth; Inflorescence, 75 mm. × 16 mm. wide, #4 spikes, loosely clustered; Spikes, differentiated, terminal staminate, lateral pistillate, erect, proximal pistillate, 18-29 mm. × 6-7 mm. wide; Bracts, 12 mm., short, proximal, 76 mm., < inflorescence, bristle=like; Pistillate scales, 3.5 mm., ≤ perigynia, green mid-vein, black laterally, awn, short; Perigynia, many per spike, 3 mm. × 1.6 mm. wide, wingless, faces veined, glabrous, beak, 0.4 mm. flattish; Achene, unknown; Stigma, #2; Anthers, 3.5-3.7 mm.; Habitat, streamside.

Coll. No. 2089, Triticum aestivum

Coll. No. 2090, Bromus carinatus

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 2090, Bromus carinatus

Spikelets of Coll. No. 2090, Bromus carinatus

Comments: Coll. No. 2090, 26 June 2019, characters observed: Annual/Perennial unknown (planted Spring 2019), height 60-90 cm., clumped; Leaves, sheath and blade differentiated, soft; Sheath, 80 mm., closed, generally glabrous, except collar somewhat hairy; Ligule, membraneous, 2 mm.; Auricles, absent; Blade, 140 mm. × 7 mm. wide, flat, scabrous, mid-rib prominent; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, panicle, 180-200 mm. × 40-90 mm. wide; Rachis, not extended, minutely scabrous on abaxial side; Spikelets, many (#22-26), 36 mm. × 11 mm. wide, similar, 1 per node; Compression, lateral; Disarticulation, between the florets; Glumes, lower, 9.5 mm., veins, #5, distinct, upper, 12 mm., <lowest floret, veins, #7, distinct keeled, membraneous, awns, 0, margins short ciliate; Florets, 6 per spikelet; Rachilla, exposed, scabrous on abaxial side, not extended; Lemma, 13 mm., broad, 2.5 mm. midvein to margin, >glumes,ovate, keeled distally, finely short hairy throughout, veins, #9, glabrous, margins, scarious, tip, entire, awns, #1, 8 mm., straight, attached near tip; Palea, 7 mm., <lemma, keel, ciliate, veins, green, margin, glabrous, tip, entire; Anthers, 3.6 mm., yellow; Ovary, hairy. Keys poorly in most Colorado floras, but quite nicely to B. carinatus var. carinatus in the Jepson Manual, in good part by the length of the lemma awn. Regardless, I think this is very likely a commercial hybrid used in revegetation.

Coll. No. 2092, Erigeron divergens

Pappi of Coll. No. 2092, Erigeron divergens

Comments: Coll. No. 2092, 26 June 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb 20 cm.; Stem ascending, short spreading white hairs; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile, not clasping, blade 23 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, 5× long/wide, reduced distally, oblanceolate, entire, eglandular, white curved hairs but not appressed (FNANM: strigoso-hirsute), margins, entire; Inflorescence, heads enclosed by involucre, heads #3+ per stem, not overtopped by leaves; Peduncles, 24-50 mm.; Involucre, 10-11 mm. wide × 5.5 mm. high, ellipsoid; Phyllaries, ±equal, 3± series, 4 mm. × 0.6 mm. wide, green, minutely glandular, margins flat, tips acute; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, 2 kinds, Ray flowers, many, tube 2 mm. + blade 5-6 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide, lavender, fertile, pappus, very short scales with a few barbellate bristles; Disk flowers, many, tube 2 mm. + lobes 0.4 mm., tube white, lobes yellow, pappus, alternating very short scales and barbellate bristles, 1.5 mm.; Fruit, 0.8 mm., slightly compressed front to back, light brown, sparsely hairy.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 2105, Elymus lanceolatus

Comments: 10/31/2019, Coll. No. 2105, 30 June 2019, characters observed: Perennial, to 65 cm., rhizomatous; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated; Sheath, 95 mm., open, pilose distally; Ligule, membraneous, 0.5 mm., auricles, 2 mm.; Blade, 190 mm. × 3 mm. wide, involute, veins prominent and pilose adaxially; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, bilateral spike rachis internodes 5.0-5.5(8.0) mm.; Spikelets, many, 19 mm. × 6 mm. wide, 3.5-3.8(2.4) × internode, closely spaced, reaching midlength of that above, similar, 1(2) per node, stalked, pedicels, 1 mm.; Compression, lateral; Disarticulation, between the florets; Glumes, lower, 11 mm., narrowly lanceolate (not subulate), veins, #5, upper, 11.5 mm., ≤lowest floret, widest at middle, veins, #7-9, keeled, sparsely hairy throughout, awn-tipped; Florets, 7 per spikelet, bisexual; Lemma, 9.5 mm., >glumes, lanceolate, rolled, pilose, veins, #7, tip, entire, awns, #1, 2 mm., or possible merely awn-tipped; Palea, 8.5 mm., <lemma, membraneous, keel, ciliate, veins, green, margin, glabrous, tip, bifid; Anthers, #3, 4.7 mm., yellow; Stigma, feathery; Achene, unknown.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 2109, Juncus interior

Comments: 11/3/2019, Coll. No. 2109, 1 July 2019, characters observed: Perennial rush, to 50 cm., densely caespitose; Leaves, sheaths, ±40 mm. exposed, ligule, auricles, absent and very short, blades, to 250 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, margins inrolled somewhat but not folded along the mid-rib; Inflorescence, 42-47 mm. × 13-17 mm. wide, appearing terminal, bracts, upper, 130 mm., lower, 70 mm.; Flowers, #30-40, subtended by a pair of bracteoles; Tepals, 5 mm., lanceolate, tip, acuminate or short bristle(?), green center, light brown stripe, scarious margin; Capsule, 3.5 mm., rounded at summit, greenish-brown.

Comments: 11/3/2019, Coll. No. 2110, 1 July 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, decumbent to ascending, to 45 cm.; Stem, sparsely hairy; Leaves, apparently ternately compound with free foliaceous stipules, but described as “... leaves pinnately compound with 5 leaflets sessile on the stem such that the lowest pair of leaflets resemble foliaceous stipules ... Ackerfield (2015)”, leaflet, 11-12 mm. × (2.5)3.2-3.6(5) mm. wide; Inflorescence, umbel; Flowers, #(2)4-6, yellow; Stamens, united.

Width of leaves and flowers per umbel within range of both L. corniculatus and L. tenuis. Determined as L. tenuis because the range of characters occasionally equals the lower limit of the smaller L. tenuis, but never the upper limit of the larger L. corniculatus.

Comments: 11/6/2019, Coll. No. 2118, 1 July 2019, characters observed; Perennial grass, to 85 cm., may have one small rhizome; Leaves, Sheath, 120 mm., open, glabrous, Ligule, absent to minimal to 0.5 mm., membraneous when present, Blade, 140 mm. × 4 mm., flat to involute to ±prow-tipped; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, panicle, 150 mm. × 15-20 mm. wide, 2-3 branches, 5-8 mm.; Rachis, not extended; Spikelets, many, 10-10.5 mm. × 3-3.5 mm. wide, similar, borne singly, pedicels, 0.5, 1, 4 mm.; Compression, lateral; Disarticulation, above the glumes, between the florets; Glumes, lower, 4 mm., veins, #1, upper, 5.5 mm., <lowest floret, veins, #5; Florets, 4 per spikelet, mostly bisexual; Lemma, 6.5 mm., >glumes; lanceolate, membraneous, rolled, a bit scabrous on the midvein best seen when viewed laterally, veins, ≥5, ±convergent, margins, scarious, tip, acute, awns, none; Palea, 6.5 mm., ±=lemma, membraneous, keel ciliate, veins, green, tip, entire. Anthers, 2.2-2.5 mm.

Flowers of Aegopodium podagraria	Inflorescence of Aegopodium podograria	Basal leaves of Aegopodium podograria	Overview of Aegopodium podograria	Compound umbels of Aegopodium podograria
Fruit of Aegopodium podograria

Comments: 11/19/2019, Coll. No. 2128, 7 Jul 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 90 cm., erect, branched, rhizomatous; Leaves, basal, petiole 150 mm., irregular to biternate, 120 mm. × 100 mm. wide, leaflet, ovate, 55 mm. × 35 mm. wide, margin serrate, cauline, reduced, sometimes opposite, ternate, leaflets, lanceolate, 53 mm. × 18 mm. wide; Inflorescence, compound umbel, 45 mm. × 75 mm. wide; Flowers, white; Ovary, glabrous, stylopodium, present; Style, #1, 1.2 mm.; Fruit, glabrous, 1.5 mm. × 1 mm. wide. Native of Eurasia, cult. in old-fashioned gardens and often escaped in ne. U.S., especially in moist, partly shaded places.

Coll. No. 2136, Potentilla pensylvanica

Comments: 12/3/2019, Coll. No. 2136, 11 July 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm., erect; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, 130 mm. × 25 mm. wide, compound, pinnate, leaflets, #11, margins, revolute; cauline, #7-10 per stem, alternate, reduced in size, compound, pinnately-lobed, stipules, large, to 25 mm., deeply cleft, petiole, 25 mm., blade, 70 mm. × 32 mm. wide, leaflets, #10, 30 mm. × 11 mm. wide, lobed ≥½, margin, revolute; Inflorescence, clusters of #5-7 flowers; Pedicels, 2-10 mm.; Sepals, #5, 5 mm., green, hairy, glands, abundant, epicalyx bractlets, 4.5 mm. × 1.8 mm. wide; Petals, #5, 5.3 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, yellow; Receptacle, hairy, 3 mm.; Stamens, ±16; Anthers, 0.7 mm. × 0.6 mm. wide; Ovary, many; Styles, 1 per ovary, thickest near base, tapered throughout; Achenes, 1.3 mm. × 0.8 mm. wide, attachment, lateral, rugose.

Georeferenced collections of selected Myosotis near Colorado.

Coll. No. 2154, Myosotis micrantha

Comments: 12/8/2019, Coll. No. 2154, 13 Jul 2019, characters observed; Annual, 12-20 cm.; Stems, erect, branched at and above the base; Leaves, alternate, sessile, oblanceolate, 14 mm. × 5.5 mm. wide, strigose, few hooked hairs on abaxial mid-rib; Inflorescence, scorpioid, greatly exceeding leaves, although there are flowers throughout the plant; Pedicel, in fruit << calyx; Calyx, in flower, 2.5 mm., fused ±½, lobes ±equal, strigose, some hairs hooked, in fruit 4 mm.; Corolla, white, lobes, blue; Nutlets, 1.2 mm., >>style, brown, smooth, shiny, margin sharp raised. I applied M. micrantha because the inflorescence greatly exceeds the leaves and the plant is floriferous nearly to the base. Also hairs are hooked on the abaxial mid-rib of the leaves, a character only described for M. micrantha (see the Jepson Manual of California, 2nd ed.). This will key to M. arvensis in Ackerfield (2015). However, M. micrantha is not a possibility there. Distribution of collections of the two taxa (SEINet, 8 Dec 2019) show collections of M. micrantha in northeast Utah and southeast Wyoming, whereas collections of M. arvensis are much farther from Colorado.

Comments: 12/15/2019, Coll. No. 2159, 16 Jul 2019, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 1 m., clumped, not rhizomatous; Roots, fibrous; Stem, herbaceous, nodes mostly concealed by sheaths; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated; Sheath, open; Ligule, membraneous, auricles, 1 mm., thim, Blade, 180 mm., folded; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, bi-lateral spike, 75 mm. × 9 mm. wide; Rachis, not disarticulating; Spikelets, many, 2 per node, 7-9 mm. × 2-5 mm wide (exclusive of awns); Compression, unremarkable; Disarticulation, below the glumes; Glumes, #2, side-by-side, body 7 mm. + awn 21 mm. = 28.5 mm, body < adjacent lemma, veins, (2+)3, more flat than rounded (terete); Florets, 3+ per spikelet, pistillate, bisexual, staminate; Lemma, 9 mm, body > glume body, rolled, scabrous, veins, #5, glabrous, tip, 2-forked, awns, #1, 25 mm., curving, attached end; Palea, 8.5 mm, ≤lemma, color, tan, except veins, veins, green, scabrous, margin, scarious, tip, bifid; Stamens, #3, 2.4 mm., yellow.

Coll. No. 2162, Danthonia spicata

Open inflorescence of Coll. No. 2162, Danthonia spicata

Dissected spikelet of Coll. No. 2162, Danthonia spicata

Spikelets of Coll. No. 2162, Danthonia spicata

Comments: TAS, Coll. No. 2162, 16 Jul 2019, characters observed: Perennial, 60-65 cm., clumped, non-rhizomatous; Roots, fiibrous; Stem, herbaceous; Leaf, blade and sheath differentiated, soft; Sheath, open; Ligule, 0.2-0.3 mm., ciliate; Blade, 120 mm., mostly flat, margin, scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, panicle, 55 mm. × 40 mm. wide, 2 branches [in the specimen examined, the florets appear paired, one on a short pedicel, and one on a longer pedicel]; Rachis, not extended, short soft hairy an all sides; Spikelets, #10-11, 14 mm. × 3.0-4.5 mm. wide, similar, borne singly, pedicels, 1 mm. and 2.7 mm.; Compression, lateral; Disarticulation, between the florets; Glumes, lower, 13.0-15.5 mm., veins, #5, ±obscure, upper, 12.5-14.0 mm., >lowest floret, rounded, awns, #0; Florets, 7+ per spikelet, bisexual; Axis, extended beyond upper floret; Callus, tuft of white hairs; Lemma, 6 mm., <glumes, ovate, rounded, green, back, sparse straight hairs, veins, ≥5, margins, proximal hairy, distal scarious, tip, 2-forked, 1.5 mm., awns, #1, attached end, 8 mm., brown and flattened proximally, twisted; Palea, 4.5 mm., <lemma, body, single cell thick, margin, green and ciliate; Anthers, #2, 2 mm., purple; Achene, 2 mm., green.

Coll. No. 2163, Carex scoparia.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 2163, Carex scoparia.

Comments: 12/16/2019, Coll. No. 2163, 16 July 2019, characters observed: Perennial sedge, caespitose, to 60 cm., lightly scabrous below head; Leaves, 2 mm. wide, green sheaths, white-hyaline, centrally smooth; Inflorescence, 22 mm. × 15 mm. wide, spikes, #6, closely clustered; Spikes, identical appearing, gynecandrous, 10 mm. × 5 mm. wide, terminal spike clavate; Bracts, 9 mm. long, proximal, 20 mm., =inflorescence, bristle-like; Pistillate scales, <perigynia, mid-vein, green, margin, hyaline, awn, absent; Perigynia, many per spike, 5 mm. × 2 mm. wide, winged, faces, veined, adaxial veins, #7-9, glabrous, beak, 1.5 mm., ±sloping to tip, achene to beak tip, 2.5-2.8 mm.; Achene, 1.3 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, oval, biconvex; Stigma, #2.

Dissected spikelet of Coll. No. 2167, Bromus briziformis

Spikelet of Coll. No. 2167, Bromus briziformis

Comments: 7/22/2019, Coll. No. 2167, 21 July 2019, characters observed: Annual grass, 30-40 cm., clumped; Roots, fibrous; Stem, herbaceous; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated, soft; Sheath, closed; Ligule, membraneous, ciliate; Blade, 120 mm. × 4 mm. wide, flat, hairy; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, nodding, raceme or few-branched panicle, >leaves; Rachis, not extended, scabrous; Spikelets, many, 16-20 mm. × 8-10 mm. wide, similar, borne singly, pedicels, 18-22 mm.; Compression, lateral; Disarticulation, unknown, rachilla seems pretty tough; Glumes, spreading at 45° to rachilla, lower, 5.5 mm., veins, #5, terete, upper, 7.0 mm., <lowest floret, veins, #9, ±parallel, membraneous, tough, awns, #0; Florets, 10-12 per spikelet, spreading at 45° to rachilla; Lemma, 8 mm., >glumes, ovate, membraneous, rolled, glabrous, tan, veins, #9, not uniformly spaced, ±parallel, margins, scarious, tip acute, awns, #0; Palea, 6 mm., membraneous, ciliate, tip, unknown, color, tan; Stamens, none seen; Achene, 5 mm., brown, fused to lemma and palea.

Comments: 1/23/2020, Coll. No. 2169, 21 Jul 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb to 50 cm.; Stems, erect, hairs appressed; Leaves, basal, unknown, cauline, petiole, to 40 mm., compound, palmate, leaflets, #6, 47-50 mm. × 7-8 mm. wide, lanceolate, flat, adaxial glabrous, abaxial hairy, tips, pointed; Inflorescence, loose raceme; Flowers, 10-12 mm., purple, calyx 5-7 mm., hairy, spur ≤1 mm.; banner, 9 mm., recurved 3.2-3.5 mm. from tip, flowers open in profile, hairy on back (easier to see if not rehydrated), wings, 10 mm., keel, blue tipped, glabrous (except a few occasional hairs); Style, >stamens, barely exserted.

Coll. No. 2170, Bromus lanatipes

Dissected spikelet of Coll. No. 2170, Bromus lanatipes

Comments: Coll. No. 2170, 21 July 2019, characters observed:

Coll. No. 2172, Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. collina

Comments: 1/24/2020, Coll. No. 2172, 23 Jul 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, 50-60 cm.; Stem, glandular, few long white hairs; Leaves, basal and cauline similar, 37 mm. × 24 mm. wide, pinnatifid with narrow segments, reduced above; Inflorescence, narrow thyrse; Pedicels, 1-2.5 mm.; Calyx, tube 5 mm. + lobes 1.5 mm., glandular, hyaline sinuses, tips spinulose; Corolla, salverform, tube 25 mm. × 1.8 mm. gradually expanding to 5 mm. wide, + lobes 5 mm., spreading; Stamens, some barely exserted.

Nearby (10 km.) collections of Ipomopsis aggregata are all subsp. collina and all by Dieter Wilkin (his #13548, #13600, and #14502). Vouchers are at CS and RM.

Comments: 1/26/2020, Coll. No. 2173, 23 Jul 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 35 cm.; Stems, simple, erect, glandular, glands yellow-tipped; Leaves, basal and cauline, 50 mm. wide, palmately lobed, lobes, #5, obtuse and shortly acuminate; Inflorescence, cyme, cymules 2-flowered (see Aedo, 2001); Corolla, blue-purple; Petals, 13 mm. × 8 mm. wide, hairy on proximal ⅓.

Will key to G. viscosissimum in Weber & Wittman (2012) using the simple and erect stems. However, in Ackerfield (2015), Aedo (2001), and Welsh, et al. (1993), keys to G. caespitosum mainly on leaf characters.

Obscure rhizome on Coll. No. 2176, Bromus pumpellianus

Comments: 1/27/2020, Coll. No. 2176, 23 Jul 2019, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 70-80 cm., occasionally obscurely rhizomatous; Roots, fibrous; Stem, herbaceous; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated, soft, sheath, 90 mm., closed, ligule, membraneous, 1 mm., auricles, minimal, blade, 90 mm. × 3 mm. wide, flat, scabrous, margins, scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, panicle, 130 mm. × 30 mm. wide; Rachis, not extended, scabrous; Spikelet, many, 26 mm. × 5 mm. wide, similar, 1 per node, pedicels 16-30 mm.; Compression, lateral; Disarticulation, above the glumes, between florets; Glumes, lower, 6 mm., veins, ≥3, back hairy, upper, 8.5 mm., <lowest floret, veins, ≥3, rounded, membraneous, awns, 0, back hairy, somewhat more dense distally; Florets, 6 per spikelet, bisexual; Lemma, 10 mm., >glumes, lanceolate, rolled, uniformly hairy on back, green, veins, #7, convergent, tip, rounded, awns, #1, 1.5 mm., straight, attached back of lemma, near tip; Palea, 8 mm., <lemma, membraneous, back hairy, keel ciliate, veins, green, margin, glabrous, tip, entire; Anthers, 2.3 mm.; Ovary, glabrous; Stigma, feathery; Achene, 3 mm., green. , August 2020, Coll. No. 2176 Bromus pumpelliantus annotated to Bromus porteri. Anthers too small for B. pumpellianthus. Question if rhizomatous.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 2177, Heterotheca foliosa

Comments: 1/28/2020, Coll. No. 2177, 23 July 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Stem, hispid, glandular; Leaves, proximal mostly withered, but they appear to have been oblanceolate; distal, 35 mm. × 9 mm. wide, sessile, oblanceolate, glandular, hispid, hairs are curved, but not really appressed, so not strigose, Bracts, #1-4, surpassing heads; Phyllaries, 2+ graduated series; Flowers of 2 kinds; Ray flowers, tube 4 mm. + blade 17 mm. ×1 mm. wide, yellow; Disk flowers, tube 6 mm. + lobes 1.5 mm = 7.5 mm., yellow; Pappus, capillary bristles 2 kinds, short, 1 mm., long, 7 mm. Cypsela, 2 mm., shaggy hairy;

In Harrington (1954): Crysopsis fulcrata Greene [=Heterotheca fulcrata (Greene) Shinners], and not Chrysopsis foliosa Nutt. because the involucres are definitely glandular. In Weber & Wittman (2012): Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners. H. fulcrata requires foliage very densely appressed pubescent, the plant gray in aspect, glands hardly visible. H. foliosa (Nutt.) Shinners is not recognized. In Ackerfield (2015): Heterotheca foliosa (Nutt.) Shinners [H. fulcrata (Greene) Shinners misapplied].

Coll. No. 2180, Apocynum x-floribundum

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 2180, Apocynum x-floribundum

Comments: 1/29/2020, Coll. No. 2180, 23 Jul 2019: Nearby collections (15 km., SEINet, 29 Jan 2020) are of Apocynum cannabinum L. and A. androsaemifolium L. I applied the hybrid name (A. ×floribundum Greene) to this collection because the leaves are spreading to ascending, not drooping, and the corolla lobes are more spreading, not reflexed. Also of note, the corolla is more than twice the calyx.

Comments: 1/29/2020, Coll. No. 2182, 23 July 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 35 cm., woody caudex; Stem, unbranched, pilose; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, 70 mm. × 24 mm. wide, pinnately compound, sericeous, less dense adaxially, but not distinctly bicolored, leaflets, #9, cauline, reduced, stipules, 11 mm. × 3 mm. wide, lanceolate, entire, leaflets, #5, 24 mm. × 6 mm. wide, without decurrent bases, toothed along length; Inflorescence, cyme; Bractlets, ±same color as sepals; Petals, 5 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, yellow; Styles, 2.7 mm., tapered from base, smooth.

Coll. No. 2187, Elymus trachycaulus

Spikelets of Coll. No. 2187, Elymus trachycaulus

Comments: 1/31/2020, Coll. No. 2187, 23 July 2019, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 80 cm., not rhizomatous; Roots, fibrous; Stem, herbaceous; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated, soft; Sheath, 16 cm., open, glabrous; Ligule, membraneous, 1 mm., auricles, minimal; Blade, 20 cm., rolled, scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, bi-lateral spike, 140 mm. × 5 mm. wide; Rachis, not extended, scabrous on margins; Spikelets, many, #20-24, 14 mm. × 2.2 mm. wide, similar, borne singly, sessile; Disarticulation, above the glumes, between florets; Glumes, lower, 11 mm., veins, #5, rounded, some veins scabrous, upper, 11.5 mm., =lowest floret, veins, #5, rounded, membraneous, some veins scabrous, awns, #0, margins chartaceous, if the lemma awn is excluded, glumes > adjacent lemma, nearly as long as spikelet; Florets, 4+ per spikelet, fertile florets, #4, bisexual; Axis, not extended, green; Lemma, 9.5 mm., <glumes, lanceolate, membraneous, rolled, proximal glabrous, distal scabrous, color, green, veins, ≥5, margins scarious, tip bifid, awns, #1, 1.5 mm., straight, attached, end; Palea, 8 mm., <lemma, membraneous, keel, ciliate, margin glabrous, tip, laciniate; Anthers, 1.8 mm., tan; Ovary, glabrous; Stigma, feathery; Achene, 3.7 mm., green.

Coll. No. 2189, Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floridunda

Distal leaves and inflorescence of Coll. No. 2189, Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floridunda

Comments: 2/1/2020, Coll. No. 2189, 5 August 2019, characters observed: Perennial, sub-shrub, 20 cm., caudex, branched, woody; Stem, clusters of tomentum, glandular; Leaves, basal and cauline, 25-60 mm. × 15-15 mm. wide, reduced distally, pinnately lobed into 3 linear segments, 0.8-1.8 mm. wide, glandular punctate, little bits of tomentum here and there, margins, entire; Inflorescence, head enclosed by an involucre, 1 per stem, showy, flat-topped, not overtopped by leaves; Peduncles, 40 mm., inconspicuously glandular; Involucre, 5 mm. × 10 mm. wide, hemispheric, glandular, scattered tomentose; Phyllaries, 2 series, series 1, 4.5 mm. × 2 mm. wide, fused ½, lanceolate, series 2, 4 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, widest above middle; Receptacle, conic, epaleate; Flowers, 2 kinds; Ray flowers, #8-10, tube 1.9 mm. + blade 5.5 mm. × 4.8 mm. wide, obovate, yellow, fertile; Disk flowers, many, tube 3.5 mm. + lobes 0.4 mm., throat expanding, yellow; Pappus, few, well-developed scales, 1.8 mm., ±equal; Fruit (cypsela), 2.5 mm., hairy.

Coll. No. 2190, Tetradymia canescens

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 2190, Tetradymia canescens

Comments: 2/2/2020, Coll. No. 2190, 5 August 2019, characters observed: Perennial, woody shrub, 15 cm.; Stem, tomentose, thinning in age; Leaves, cauline, alternate, 10 mm. × 2.6 mm. wide, tomentose, margin, entire, tip, acute; Inflorescence, head enclosed by an involucre, not overtopped by leaves; Peduncles, 10-12 mm.; Involucre, 8 mm. × 4 mm. wide, cylindric, tomentose, Phyllaries, #4 in 1 series (altho' it really looks to me like they are paired in vertical ranks), ±equal, 8 mm. × 2.7 mm. wide, tomentose, margins, flat, scarious; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, 1 kind; Disk flowers, #4, tube 7.5 mm. + lobes 3 mm., throat expanding above tube, yellow, glabrous; Pappus, well-developed bristles, 2 unequal series, 1 mm., 6.5 mm., plumose; Anthers, 3 mm., tailed; Style, 2-branched, tips, 0.2 mm. ±brush-like appendages; Stigma, 1 mm., > style appendages; Fruit (cypsela), 2 mm, hairy.

Coll. No. 2194.1 Mertensia ciliata

Flower of Coll. No. 2194.1 Mertensia ciliata

Flower details of Coll. No. 2194.1 Mertensia ciliata

Comments: 2/3/2020, Coll. No. 2194.1, 5 August 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40-45 cm.; Stem, herbaceous, green, glabrous; Leaves, basal, withered, cauline, alternate, petiole 50 mm. + blade 125 mm. × 27 mm. wide, reduced above, lanceolate, mid-rib prominent, lateral veins evident, pustular foveate adaxially, margins strigulose (ciliate?); Inflorescence, cymose; Pedicel, 1-2 mm., elongating to 5 mm. in fruit; Calyx, lobes, #5, 2 mm., fused 0.5 mm., interior strigose; Corolla, 3-4 mm., fused, white to blue, ring of hairs near base (0.5 mm.), Stamens, #5, in throat; Filaments, attached ≤fornices, ≤anthers; Anthers, 1.2 mm.; Style, #1, 4 mm., elongating to 6 mm. in fruit; Fruit, nutlet, nominally #4, but sometimes only #2 develop; 2 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, attachment lateral, adaxially keeled above scar, margin without bristles or prickles.

Coll. No. 2202, Bidens frondosa

Various flower parts of Coll. No. 2202, Bidens frondosa

Comments: 2/4/2020, Coll. No. 2202, 27 August 2019, characters observed: Herbs, 18-28 cm.; Leaves, basal, unknown, cauline, opposite, 50 mm. × 40 mm. wide, pinnately compound, leaflets, #3, 25 mm. × 12 mm. wide, margin, serrate; Inflorescence, head enclosed in an involucre, 5-6 mm. wide; Phyllaries, outer, #5, 12 mm. × 2 mm. wide, green, inner, many, 5.5 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, brown, margin, scarious (similar to the paleae); Receptacle, paleate; Paleae, 5 mm. × 1.7 mm. wide, margin, scarious; Corolla, 1.5 mm., orange-yellow; Pappus, #2, barbed awns, 1.5 mm.; Achene, 2-5-2.8 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, very flat, hairy.

Comments: 2/13/2020, Coll. No. 2205, 27 August 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 35 cm., short-hairy throughout; Stem, ascending from a creeping rootstock; Leaves, mostly cauline, alternate, petiole, 25 mm., blade 40 mm. × 9 mm. wide, reduced distally, oblanceolate, margin, entire, tip, round, veins (nerves), #1, eglandular, short hairy; Inflorescence, head enclosed by involucre, many heads per stem, not showy, 70 mm. × 26 mm. wide, elongated, not overtopped by leaves; Peduncles, 3 mm.; Involucre, 5 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, cylindric-conic; Phyllaries, in 5± series, lower << rest of involucre, unequal, 4 mm. × 1.2 mm. wide, chartaceous with green tips, veins, #1, eglandular, margins, flat, tip, ciliate; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, 2 kinds; Ray flowers, #4, tube 2.5 mm. + blade 2 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide = 4.5 mm.; yellow; Disk flowers, #8, tube 3.5 mm. + lobes 0.5 mm. = 4.0 mm., yellow; Pappus, many well-developed bristles, 3 mm., ±equal; Fruit (cypsela), 1 mm. × 0.4 mm. wide, brown, hairy.

Keys to S. nemoralis in Weber & Wittmann (2012) and FNANM per the form of the inflorescence, yet the description in FNANM better describes this as S. nana especially in the number of phyllary series, and relative number of ray and disk flowers. Based on the key in Ackerfield (2015), would key to S. nana based upon the relative number of ray and disk flowers in the heads. Based upon the description in Ackerfield (2015), very similar to S. nana but S. nemoralis is a better fit because the ray flowers, disk flowers, and the cypselae are shorter.

Comments: 2/15/2020, Coll. No. 2214, 29 August 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Stem, square, hispid; Leaves, opposite, petiole, 8 mm., blade, 40 mm. × 19 mm. wide, reduced above, deltoid-chordate, margin, crenate, abaxial densely hispid, rather than tomentose per Ackerfield (2015), tip, acute; Inflorescence, flower clusters arising from axils, flowers pedicillate; Calyx, lobes sharply acute but lacking spines or bristles; Corolla, 2-lipped, white.

Coll. No. 2240, Erigeron subtrinervis

Coll. No. 2240, Erigeron subtrinervis

Comments: 2/19/2020, Coll. No. 2240, 16 September 2019, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Stem, hispid (setose or setulose might better describe the pubescence, but this term rarely used by Colorado authors); Leaves, cauline, alternate, blade 27 mm. × 3 mm. wide, reduced distally, oblanceolate, entire, hispid, eglandular, tip, mucronate(-ish); Heads, showy, not overtopped by leaves; Peduncles, 80-100- mm.; Involucre, 5 mm. × 10 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 3± graduated series, 4.5 mm. × 1.2 mm. wide, lower < rest of involucre, chartaceous at base, green center, margin scarious, hispid, glandular, tips purplish; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, of 2 kinds; Ray flowers, #100±, tube 2.5 mm. + blade 5 mm. × 0.3 mm. wide, lavender, sterile (?); Disk flowers, many, tube 1.7 mm. + lobes 0.3 mm., expanding gradually, yellow; Pappus, outer crown of dissected scales 0.3-0.4 mm., inner capillary bristles 2.5 mm.; Fruit (cypsela), 1 mm., 4-angled, brown hairy. , 1/7/2026, Annotated Erigeron cf. divergens.

Coll. No. 2242, Laennecia schiedeana

Comments: 9/14/2021, Coll. No. 2242, 16 Sep 2019, characters observed: Annual, 75  cm., Stem, wispy arachnose, Leaves, cauline, sessile, auriculate, blade 26 mm. × 5 mm. wide, linear, serrate, denticles spinulose, stipitate glandular; Peduncles, 0-4 mm.; Involucre, 3.5 mm. × 7 mm. wide; Phyllaries, in 2 series, 4 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, center green, margin scarious, margins flat, glandular; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, of 1 kind; Disk flowers, many, tube 3 mm. + lobes 1 mm., yellow, open, bisexual; Pappus, many, well-developed bristles, 3.5 mm., ±equal; Cypsela, 1.4 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide, purple, few glands scattered around the top.

Coll. No. 2243, Crepis capillaris.

Fruit of Coll. No. 2243, Crepis capillaris

Comments: 6/20/2023, Coll. No. 2243, 16 September 2019, characters observed: Annual(?) herb, 30 cm.; Stem, young, villous; Leaves, cauline, alternate, auriculate, petiole, 10-12 mm., blade 35 mm. × 5 mm. wide, reduced distally, oblanceolate, tomentose near base, adaxially glandular hairy, margin dentate, tip acute; Inflorescence, heads #4-5 per stem, showy, not overtopped by leaves; Peduncles, 35 mm.; Involucre, 7 mm. × 5 mm. wide; ovoid; Phyllaries, equal, 2 series, 7 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, green, glandular-stipitate, margins, ±flat; Flowers of 1 kind; Ray flowers (ligules), many, tube 2.5 mm. + blade 6 mm. × 0.6 mm. wide, yellow; Pappus, simple capillary bristles, falling as a unit, 4.5 mm., ±equal, smooth.