Comments: 2018, Probably E. palustris , 3/29/2020, Appears to be labeled as Coll. No. 1603. The voucher record for occid=17520459 has been deleted.

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1602.1, 8 May 2017, characters observed: Annual, 12 cm., growing in standing water; Stem, erect, some branched at base and decumbent to ascending, unevenly spreading multicellular hairy; Leaves, cauline, opposite, 10 mm. × 7 mm. wide, ovate, margin serrate, appressed hairy; Inflorescence, elongated terminal raceme; Pedicels, 1.0-1.2 mm.; Corolla, limb 3 mm.; Petals, 2 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, color blue; Style, 0.5 mm., < notch; Fruit, 3.5 mm. × 3.2 mm wide, notch, 0.7 mm., margin glandular hairy.

Comments: 2017, Bracts, 31 mm. × 7 mm. wide, entire or lobed near tip, lowest green, becoming increasingly red-orange from distal end of bractm and toward the distal inflorescence.

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1619, 15 May 2017, characters observed: Small tree to 1.5 m., partially leafed out while in bloom; Branches, thorn-less, peeling white, dotted; Leaves, simple, 25 mm. × 23 mm. wide, ovate, pinnately veined, serrate, small glands on distal edge of each tooth, petioles, 7 mm., some have a pair of glands at base of leaf, very sparse short hairs; Inflorescence, flowers in clusters of #5±; Hypanthium, 3.5 mm × 3 mm. wide; Sepals, 1.5 mm., glabrous; Petals, 4.5 mm, white; Stamens, many, #25±; Styles, #1.

Grassy habitat of Coll. No. 1627, Toxicoscordion paniculatum

Comments: 10/22/2020, Original determination: Zigadenus paniculatus var. gramineus.

Comments: 10/11/2025, CDA: determination was corrected without annotation. KHD: annotated but data base needs updating. CS & EIU: Not in SEINet.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1643, Packera tridenticulata

Coll. No. 1643, Packera tridenticulata

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1643, 30 May 2017, characters observed: Perennial, to 25 cm., densely tomentose below, thinning above; Leaves, mostly basal, petiole 40 mm. + blade 24 mm. × 7 mm. wide, sparsely shallowly toothed, few cauline, tomentose in the axils, petiole 20 mm. + blade 24 mm. × 4 mm. wide, sparsely shallowly toothed, a few are 3-lobed at tip; Inflorescence, corymbiform, heads #12±, flowers of 2 kinds; Involucre, 6 mm. × 11 mm. wide, bowl-shaped; Phyllaries, 1 series (with little overlap), 4 mm. × 1.2 mm. wide, mostly green, 2+ veins, 1 margin chartaceous; Receptacle, epaleate; Rays, #11±, fertile, tube 2.5 mm. + blade 5.5 mm. × 2 mm. wide, yellow; Disc flowers, yellow; Pappus, capillary bristles, 4.5 mm.; Cypsela, 2.5 mm., glabrous.

Coll. No. 1653, Phlox multiflora

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1653, 1 Jun 2011, characters observed: Perennial, tufted, decumbent to ascending, 7-10 cm.; Internodes, 8-9 mm.; Leaves, cauline, opposite, 23 mm. × 2 mm. wide, ±linear, sharp-pointed; Flowers, solitary at ends of stems, pedicels, 12 mm., hairy, calyx, tube 5 mm. + lobes 6 mm., sparsely hairy, hyaline membranes flat; corolla, tube 14 mm + lobes 11 mm. × 7 mm. wide, color (not recorded), fading blue.

Coll. No. 1654, Symphoricarpos rotundifolius

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1654, 1 Jun 2017, characters observed: Shrub, to 70 cm.; Leaves, opposite, 12 mm. × 9 mm. wide, ovate, margin entire; Inflorescence, terminal racemes on short branches; Calyx, 1.5 mm.; Corolla, tube 10 mm. + lobes 1.7 mm., color ochroleucus, few hairs near base of tube (around the style); Stamens, #5; Filaments, free 2 mm.; Ovary, inferior; Style, 3.5 mm., glabrous; Fruit, berry, white.

Coll. No. 1667, Festuca saximontana

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1667, Festuca saximontana

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1667, 16 Jun 2017, characters observed: Perennial, to 30 cm.; Rhizomes, 0; Culm, very sparse scabrous below inflorescence; Leaves, sheath, open, ligule, membraneous, 0.2 mm., auricles, 0.5 mm., short hairy distally, blades, revolute; Inflorescence, panicle, 50 mm. × 9 mm. wide; Spikelets, 1 per node; Disarticulation, between florets; Florets, #6±, 9 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide; Glumes, #2, pubescent only on distal veins and margins, lower, 2.5 mm., veins 1; upper, 3.5 mm., veins 2, tip mucronate; Lemma, 4 mm., veins 5, obscure but best seen at base, awn, #1, 1.5 mm., from tip of lemma; Palea, ≥lemma, veins green, tip bifid; Anthers, 1.8-2.0 mm.

Coll. No. 1675, Lupinus caudatus var. argophyllus

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1675, 19 Jun 2018, characters observed: Perennial, to 1 m.; Leaves, cauline, petiole 35-40 mm., palmately compound, 44 mm. × 70 mm. wide, leaflets, 7-9, 36 mm. × 9 mm. wide, oblanceolate, veins 1, adaxial glabrate, abaxial appressed hairy; Inflorescence, well above the leaves, 25 cm. × 3.5 mm. wide; Pedicel, 3.5 mm., recurved, silky hairy; Calyx, silky hairy, lower lobe, 9 mm., upper lobe, 6 mm., spur, more a bump, ≤1 mm.; Banner, 9 mm., reflexed 2.5 mm from tip, folded tightly over wings, back hairy inside folds; Wing, 10 mm. × 5.5 mm. wide, claw, 1.5 mm. × 1 mm. wide; Keel, 10 mm., hairy on bottom, tip dark, recurved <3 mm. giving closed appearance; Style, glabrous; Stigma, small, 4-lobed.

Coll. No. 1677, Poa compressa

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1677, 28 June 2017, characters observed: Perennial grass, 35-40 cm.; Rhizomes, numerous; Culms, compressed; Nodes, compressed; Leaves, sheath 40-55 mm., open top ¾, ligule, membraneous, 1 mm., blade, 40-55 mm., folded; Inflorescence, panicle, contracted, 45 mm. × 12 mm. wide; Spikelets, 4 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide; Disarticulation, above the glumes, between the florets; Glumes, #2, lower, 2 mm., veins #3, upper, 2.2 mm.; Florets, 5 per spikelet, at least some bisexual; Lemma, 2 mm., keeled, few hairs near base, veins, #5, neither equally spaced nor prominent, tip, obtuse, awns, 0; Palea, 2 mm., veins, green, sparsely scabrous, purple between; Anthers, 1.6 mm.

Coll. No. 1678, Apocynum x-floribundum

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1678, 28 Jun 2017, characters observed: Perennial, 45-50 cm., in open prairie; Leaves, 40-57 mm. × 15-25 mm. wide, ovate, lanceolate, and oblong; Calyx, lobes, 1.4-1.6 mm.; Corolla, lobes, 2.5-3.0 mm., erect to spreading in distal ⅓, faded to thin pink veins and various blotches of pinkish color; Corolla lobes 1.56-2.14 times as long as the calyx lobes.

Coll. No. 1680, Potentilla recta

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1680, 28 June 2017, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 50 cm., hairy throughout, short (0.3 mm.) hairs glandular, long (4 mm.) hairs straight spreading eglandular; Leaves, stem, 7-8 per stem, alternate, stipules, to 20 mm., lobed, petioles, to 80 mm., blade, palmately compound, leaflets, #5, 45 mm. × 14 mm. wide, lobed ½ to mid-rib, progressively reduced above; Calyx, 9 mm. × 9 mm. wide, flattened at base; Petals, 8 mm., yellow; Style, 1.3 mm., tapered throughout, not appearing warty; Achene, 1 mm., attached laterally, reticulate in color, but not texture. “The long, stiff, spreading, tubercle-based hairs on stems and petioles of P. recta, overtopping a layer of short hairs and glands, also serve to distinguish this aggressive species from native P. gracilis at any stage of the life cycle (FNANM).”

Coll. No. 1681, Hesperostipa spartea

Coll. No. 1681, Hesperostipa spartea

Comments: July 2017, Coll. No. 1681, 28 June 2017; Perennial, to 80 cm., clumped; Stem, herbaceous; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated, soft; Sheath, open; Ligule, membraneous, 5 mm., forked, auricles, 2.5, 5.0 mm.; Blade, flat, glabrous, sparsely scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, 25 cm., panicle, branching evident, >leaves; Rachis, glabrous, not extended beyond upper spikelet; Spikelets, many, similar, 1 per node; Compression, unremarkable; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Florets, 1 per spikelet, bisexual; Glumes, both present, ±equal, 25 mm., rounded, veins #5, awns 0, tip somewhat awn-like, margins entire; Callus, sharp, 2.5 mm.; Lemma, 11-14 mm., < glumes, tough, rolled, color, medium brown, veins ≥5, hairs, to 2 mm proximally to glabrous distally, color dark brown, awns, #1, 9.5 cm., twisted, attached, end; Palea, ±lemma, glabrous;

Coll. No. 1682.1, Potentilla rivalis

Ternate leaf of Coll. No. 1682.1, Potentilla rivalis

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1682.1, 28 June 2017, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 60 cm., in very wet places; Stem, erect and branched at base decumbent to ascending, proximal hairs weak, 1 mm., eglandular; Leaves, compound, palmate and ternate, petiole 0-62 mm. + blade 37 mm. × 40 mm. wide, leaflets, 3-5, both sides, green, sericeous, hairs weak; Sepals, 3 mm., green; Petals, 4 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, yellow; Style, 0.7 mm.; Achene, 0.9 mm., light greenish-brown, smooth, maybe very minutely pappilate.

Coll. No. 1682.2, Potentilla supina ssp. paradoxa

Pinnately compound leaf of Coll. No. 1682.2, Potentilla supina ssp. paradoxa

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1682.2, 28 June 2017, characters observed: Perennial herbs, to 50 cm., in very wet places, not stoloniferous; Leaves, petiole 20 mm. + blade 42 mm. × 23 mm., pinnately compound, leaflets, 9, 15 mm. × 6 mm. wide, margins flat; Sepals, 4 mm., green; Petals, 4 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, ±=sepals, yellow; Style, 0.6 mm., tapered, Achene, 1 mm., brown, large white protuberance.

Coll. No. 1683, Trifolium hybridum

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1683, 28 Jun 2017, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 50 cm., sprawling-ascending; Leaves, cauline, petiole to 90+ mm., stipules, to 25 mm., entire, acute, leaf compound, ternate, leaflets, 3, 20 mm. × 16 mm. wide, attached at a single point, margin serrate, generally glabrous, scant hairs along distal margins; Inflorescence, flowers in heads, peduncles, 55-95 mm., heads 22 mm. diameter, many flowers, bracts inconspicuous (1 mm.); Calyx, tube 1 mm. + lobes 2 mm.; Corolla, 7 mm.

Coll. No. 1688, Erythranthe floribunda

Coll. No. 1688, Erythranthe sp.

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1688, 28 June 2017, characters observed: Annual, to 45 mm.; Stems, gland-tipped hairs; Leaves, cauline, opposite, petiole, an indistinct 0.4-0.7 mm. to a distinct 1.5 mm., blade, 8 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, palmately veined, margin, entire to few-toothed; Calyx, tube 3.5 mm., + lobes 0.5 mm., uppermost lobe not longer, more like bottom two lobes are shorter, margins sparsely ciliate; Pedicels, 15-16 mm., glandular; Corolla, 6 mm. × 2 mm. dia., throat open, lobes, 1 mm., upper lobe ±=others, limb 3.7 mm., yellow.

Coll. No. 1689, Crassula aquatica

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1689, 28 June 2017, characters observed: Annual, to 22 mm.; Stem, rooting, ascending; Leaves, cauline, opposite, bases conjoined, 4 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide; Flowers, borne singly in axils; Petals, #4, 1 mm. × 1.2 mm. wide; Seeds, #12, 0.4 mm., oblong, lines longitudinal.

Coll. No. 1691, Pascopyrum smithii

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1691, Pascopyrum smithii

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1691, 28 Jun 2017, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 75 cm., rhizomes, not seen; Leaves, ligule, short membraneous, auricles, 0, blade revolute; Inflorescence, bilateral spike; Rachis, internodes 6 mm.; Spikelets, 17 mm. × 10 mm. wide × 2 mm., not in capitate clusters, 1 per node, not oriented edgewise to rachis; Glumes, < lowest floret, narrowly lanceolate, slightly asymmetric, lower, 9.5 mm., upper, 10.6 mm.; Florets, #6±; Lemma, 11 mm., awns, 0; Palea, 9 mm.; Anthers, 4.5 mm.

Comments: July 2017, Coll. No. 1698, 7 July 2017: Perennial, to 70 cm., clumped, non-rhizomatous; Stem, herbaceous; Inflorescence, 25 cm., 1 per culm, panicle; Rachis, lightly scabrous, not extended beyond upper spikelet; Compression, unremarkable; Spikelets, 1 per node; Florets, 1 per spikelet, bisexual; Glumes, both present, upper 8 mm., lower 9 mm., rounded, membraneous, veins, #3; Callus, short; Lemma, 5 mm., <glumes, tough, hairy, <1 mm., awns, #1, 25 mm., bent, short hairy (±0.2 mm.) Palea, 1.5 mm., <lemma, membraneous, glabrous; Stamens, #3.

Coll. No. 1699, Elymus canadensis

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1699, 7 Jul 2017, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 75 cm., non-rhizomatous; Culm, cauline nodes hidden by sheath; Inflorescence, 200 mm. × 15 mm. wide, ±erect to curved; Rachis, mostly glabrous, internodes, 5 mm.; Spikelets, 2 per node, sessile; Glumes, #2, 21-24 mm., indistinct body 8 mm + awn 14 mm., nearly subulate, flattened and slightly broadened above base; Lemma, body 10 mm. + awn 35 mm., curving.

Coll. No. 1704, Helianthus pumilus

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1704, 14 Jul 2017, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Leaves, cauline, alternate, occasionally opposite, then bases conjoined, petiole 10 mm. + blade 55 mm. × 22 mm. wide, lanceolate, flat (not folded), margin, entire to lightly toothed, pustular multicellular white strigose, glandular; Inflorescence, single to few heads on peduncles to 100 mm.; Involucre, 9 mm. × 16 mm. wide; Phyllaries, in 2+ series, 8 mm. × 4 mm wide, green, abaxial strigose; Receptacle, paleate, flat to hemispheric; Rays, 20 mm. × 3.3 mm. wide, yellow, sterile; Disk, tube 4 mm. + lobes 1 mm., yellow; Pappus, scales, to 4 mm.; Cypsela, 3.5 mm. × 1.4 mm. wide, quadrangular, black.

Coll. No. 1714, Sporobolus heterolepis

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1714, 28 July 2017, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 40 cm., caespitose; Leaves, mostly basal, ≥inflorescence; Inflorescence, (immature) 10 cm. × 2 cm. wide, open panicle; Spikelets, 1 per node, 4-5 mm.; Florets, 1 per spikelet; Glumes, #2, awns 0, lower, 4 mm., <lemma, upper, 5 mm., ≥lemma; Lemma, 4 mm., veins 1, awn 0.

Coll. No. 1717, Elymus elymoides

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1717, 28 July 2017, characters observed: Perennial grass to 50 cm., clumped; Inflorescence, bilateral spike; Rachis, internodes, 6.4 mm., breaking apart when mature; Spikelets, 2 per node; Glumes, #2, subulate, 62-65 mm.; Florets, #3, lowest 2 fertile, upper sterile; Lemma, 10 mm. + awn 50 mm., veins, #5, converging; Palea, 9 mm., 1 of 2 veins slightly extended as bristle. Variety brevifolius if infraspecific names are to be applied.

Coll. No. 1723, Lysimachia ciliata

Comments: 2017, Coll. No. 1723, 28 Jul 2018, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Leaves, cauline, opposite, petiole, 12 mm., sparsely long ciliate, blade, 72 mm. × 26 mm. wide, lanceolate, glabrous, margin minutely ciliate; Inflorescence, axillary, flowers borne singly on long pedicels; Pedicel, 30 mm.; Sepals, #5, 4 mm.; Petals, #5, 7 mm. × 6 mm. wide, free ≥½length, yellow; Stamens, #5, alternate; Filaments, 2 mm., attached near base; Anthers, 2 mm.; Ovary, superior; Style, #1, 3 mm., lengthening to 4 mm. at maturity; Fruit, 3 mm. × 3 mm. dia., globose, bluish.

Coll. No. 1743.5, Symphyotrichum ericoides

Comments: 2017, Perennial, woody at base, stems ascending, to 40 cm., spreading vegetatively, short hairy and minutely glandular throughout; Leaves, alternate, sessile, narrowly lanceolate or oblong, 7-9 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, entire, strigose, tip, small white spine; Heads, borne singly along stem, occasionally 2 per stem, on leafy pedicels; Flowers, of 2 kinds; Involucre, 4 mm. × 5 mm. wide, bell-shaped; Phyllaries, 2+ series, 3-4 mm. × 0.7-0.8 mm. wide, white below with 1 brown or green vein, rhomboid green above, tip with very small spine; Receptacle, epaleate; Rays, corolla, white, tube 2 mm + ligule 5.0-6.5 mm., fertile; Disc flowers, corolla, yellow, tube 3.5 mm. + lobes 0.5 mm., (some?) lobes reddish; Pappus, bristles, fine, barbelate, 4 mm.; Cypsela, 1 mm. (Described from Coll. No. 1558, 3 September 2016 and Coll. No. 1743.5, 23 August 2017).

Coll. No. 1757, Sporobolus cryptandrus

Leaf collar of Coll. No. 1757, Sporobolus cryptandrus

Comments: 2018, Coll. No. 1757, 31 Aug 2017, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 50 cm., caespitose; Leaves, cauline, sheath, 45 mm., overlapping about ½, open, ciliate distally; ligule, hairy, 0.5 mm., collar of hairs to 3 mm., blade, 150 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, rolled to flat; Inflorescence, open panicle, 120 mm, × 45 mm. wide, lower branches included in sheath; Spikelets, 2 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide, crowded on panicle branches, glabrous throughout; Florets, 1 per spikelet, bisexual; Glumes, #2, awns 0, lower, 0.7 mm., upper, 1.8 mm.; Lemma, 2.0 mm., veins, 1, prominent green, awns, 0; Palea, 1.9 mm.

Coll. No. 1759, Solidago nana

Comments: 2017, Similar to Coll. No. 1752.

Coll. No. 1767, Artemisia campestris

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1767, Artemisia campestris

Comments: 2018, Coll. No. 1767, 1 Sep 2017, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 60 cm., longer lived than biennial; Stem, 4± per caudex, reddish; Leaves, basal mostly withered, cauline, 8 mm. × 0.6 mm. wide, narrowly oblanceolate, tomentose; Inflorescence, 130 mm. × 20 mm. wide; Heads, many, 2 mm. × 2 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 2+ series, 1.5 mm. × 1 mm. wide, green to scarious; Receptacle, naked.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1800, Amelanchier alnifolia

Comments: 7/9/2018, Coll. No. 1800-1801, 7 May 2018, characters oberved: Shrub, to 1 m.; Stems, branches unarmed; Leaves, simple, petiole, 8 mm., blade, 22-32 mm. × 19-32 mm. wide, veins, pinnate, surface, sparsely hairy above, sparsely to moderately hairy below, margin, serrate; Flowers, borne singly, pedicels, 10 mm., petals 9 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, color cream; Ovary, inferior, tip hairy; Styles, #(4)5;

Coll. No. 1801, Amelanchier alnifolia

Coll. No. 1801, Amelanchier alnifolia

Comments: 7/9/2018, Coll. No. 1800-1801, 7 May 2018, characters oberved: Shrub, to 1 m.; Stems, branches unarmed; Leaves, simple, petiole, 8 mm., blade, 22-32 mm. × 19-32 mm. wide, veins, pinnate, surface, sparsely hairy above, sparsely to moderately hairy below, margin, serrate; Flowers, borne singly, pedicels, 10 mm., petals 9 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, color cream; Ovary, inferior, tip hairy; Styles, #(4)5;

Coll. No. 1803, Medicago lupulina.

Coll. No. 1803, Medicago lupulina

Coll. No. 1803, Medicago lupulina

Coll. No. 1803, Medicago lupulina

Comments: 7/10/2018, Coll. No. 1803, 7 May 2018, characters observed: Annual herb, prostrate, to 1 cm. × 50 cm. wide; Leaves, compound, stipules, leaf-like, 6.5 mm., petioles, 11 mm., leaflets, #3, obovate, 5 mm. × 5-6 mm. wide, margin denticulate, middle leaflet extended beyond lateral leaflet on a petiolule; Inflorescence, compact axillary raceme, 8 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide; Sepals, 1 mm.; Flowers, 2 mm., color yellow; Fruit, unknown -- should be curved.

Coll. No. 1805, Poa fendleriana

Comments: 1/14/2019, Coll. No. 1805, 8 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 22 cm., clumped; Roots, fibrous; Stem, herbaceous; Leaves, sheath, 40-80 mm., open; ligule, membranous, 1.5 mm., auricles, absent; blade, 40 mm, revolute, margins, scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, contracted panicle, 80 mm. × 14 mm. wide, 4± branches; Rachis, not extended, sparsely scabrous; Spikelets, many, 7 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, similar, borne singly, stalked, pedicels 1-2 mm., 2-many flowered; Compression, lateral; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Glumes, lower, 2.6 mm., veins, #3, upper, 2.7 mm., <lowest floret, veins, #3, keeled, membranous, awns, #0; Florets, 4 per spikelet, all staminate, no pistillate or bisexual florets found; Lemma, 4.5 mm., >glumes, ovate, membranous, hairy proximally to short hairy distally, none cobwebby, color, green-purple, veins, #5, obscure, tip, obtuse; Palea, 3.7 mm., <lemma, membranous, veins, green, ciliate, margin, glabrous, tip, entire; Anthers, 1.7 mm.

Location of Coll. No. 1806, Carex praegracilis

Coll. No. 1806, Carex praegracilis

Comments: 1/14/2019, Coll. No. 1806, 8 May 2018. characters observed: Perennial sedge, Habit: rhizomatous; Culms: to 45 mm., scabrous below head; Leaves: 2.2 mm. wide, green, sheaths, white-hyaline, smooth; Inflorescence: 27 mm. × 8 mm. wide, #8-10 spikes, loosely clustered; Spikes: identical appearing, terminal androgynous, lateral androgynous, proximal pistillate, 8 mm. × 5 mm. wide; Bracts: proximal, 24 mm., <inflorescence, setaceous (bristle-like); Pistillate scales: 4 mm. × 2 mm. wide, green mid-vein, brown laterally, hyaline margin, one scale margin just barely folded over edge of perigynum; Perigynia: #15-16 per spike, 3.8 mm. × 1.6 mm. wide, wingless, obscurely veined, glabrous, beak, 0.8 mm., flattish, ±sloping to tip, serrulate, achene to beak tip 1.6 mm.; Achene: 2.1 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, pretty flat, obovate; Stigma: #2. , 2/26/2019, This might be occidentalis, per JLW.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1807, Poa fendleriana

Coll. No. 1807, Poa fendleriana

Comments: 6 August 2018, Coll. No. 1807, 7 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial grass, 50-60 cm., clumped, not rhizomatous; Roots, fibrous; Stems, herbaceous; Internodes, hollow, glabrous; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated; Sheath, 120 mm., open at least ½, minutely scabrous, reddish color proximally; Ligule, membraneous, 2 mm., auricles absent; Blade, 25 mm., scabrous, margin scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, > leaves, panicle, 110 mm. × 20 mm. wide, spikelets many; Rachis, sparsely scabrous on all sides, not extended beyond upper spikelet; Spikelets, many, similar, borne singly, one per node, stalked, 6 mm.; Compression, lateral; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Glumes, lower 3.7 mm., upper 4.3 mm., veins 3(5); Florets, 5-6 per spikelet, pistillate; Axis, hairy, extended beyond upper floret; Lemma, 5 mm., > glumes, membraneous, keeled, keel and margin are villous proximally, hairs to 0.7 mm., veins definitely ≥3, maybe 5, parallel, tip entire, obtuse; Palea, 2.5 mm., <lemma, proximally villous, keels ciliate, margin glabrous; Stamens, none found; Ovary, glabrous, yellow-brown; Stigma, feathery;

Button-like caudex of Coll. No. 1811, Senecio integerrimus

Comments: 10 Oct 2018, Coll. No. 1811, 10 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial, herb, to 40 cm., sap clear, caudex button-like; Stem, multicellular arachnose throughout; Leaves, basal and cauline, alternate, basal, petiole, 70 mm., blade, 75 mm. × 12 mm. wide, sparsely arachnose, margin wavy and revolute in places, reduced above, cauline, sessile, blade 85 mm. × 10 mm. wide, reduced above, margin wavy and revolute in part; Inflorescence, corymbiform, heads #8-10 per stem, somewhat convex, >leaves; Pedicels, 5-20 mm., subtended by a bract to 6 mm., lanceolate; Involucre, 7 mm. × 10 mm wide, bowl-shaped, ±glabrous; Phyllaries, ±equal, in 1 series, 7 mm. × 1.8 mm. wide, green, eglandular, margins ±flat, not clasping ray ovaries, tips acuminate with terminal tuft of hairs; Receptacle, epaleate; Ray flowers, #8-10, tube 4 mm. + blade 5 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, yellow, fertile; Disk flowers, many, tube 4.5 mm. + lobes 1 mm., yellow; Pappus, many, well-developed, bristles, ±equal; Cypsela, 1.3 mm., brown.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1812, Boechera fendleri

Coll. No. 1812, Boechera fendleri

Comments: 9 October 2018, Coll. No. 1812, 10 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial (short-lived?), terrestrial, herb, tap-rooted, to 50 cm., branched hairs proximally, glabrous distally; Leaves, basal, petiole 9 mm. + blade 19 mm. × 5.5 mm. wide, oblanceolate, entire, hairs 3-4 branches, cauline sessile, spear-shaped, 21 mm. × 4 mm. wide, auriculate, 1.0-1.5 mm.; Inflorescence, raceme, 125 mm.; Sepals, #4, 4 mm., ovate; Petals, #4, 6 mm., entire, lavender; Stamens, #6; Filaments, 3 mm., narrowly winged; Anthers, 1.5 mm.; Fruit, pedicels, 10 mm., glabrous, 50 mm. × 0.8-1.0 mm. wide, recurved; Ovules, many, biseriate.

Keys easily to B. fendleri in Weber & Wittmann (2012) and Harrington (2nd ed., 1964). Gets lost in Ackerfield (2015, p. 226) at couplet 9, and in FNANM Group 4 at couplet 25, both over the question of whether there are simple trichomes in addition to rayed trichomes on basal leaves and proximal stem. There are only a very few simple trichomes and those are on leaf margins.

Coll. No. 1815, Poa fendleriana

Comments: 8 August 2018, Coll. No. 1815, 10 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 50 cm., clumped, not rhizomatous; Stem, herbaceous; Leaves, mostly basal, blade and sheath differentiated; (Cauline) Sheath, 55 mm., open at least ½, minutely scabrous; Ligule, membraneous, 1 mm.; Auricles, 0; (Cauline) Blade, 15-25 mm., rolled, margins minutely scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, contracted panicle, 85 mm. × 15 mm. wide, spikelets many; Rachis, not extended beyond the upper spikelet; Spikelets, many, similar, borne singly, stalked, narrowly rounded at base, 2-many flowered, 6.5 mm. × 3 mm. wide; Compression, lateral; Disarticulation, unknown; Glumes, lower 3 mm., upper 3.5 mm., keeled, membraneous, awns 0; Florets, 5 per spikelet, bisexual; Rachilla, glabrous, extended beyond upper floret; Lemma, 3 mm., ovate, membraneous, keeled, sparsely villous on proximal keel and margin, veins, ≥3(5), tip entire, obtuse, awns, 0; Palea, 2.9 mm., <lemma, membraneous, keel ciliate; Anthers, 1.5-1.7 mm.; Ovary, glabrous; Stigma, feathery.

Becomes lost in keys requiring that all florets be pistillate, e.g., Shaw (2008) and Ackerfield (2015). Keys easily to Poa fendleriana in keys that do not mention that florets are unisexual or that plant is dioecious, e.g., Hitchcock (2ed, Chase, 1950), Harrington (2ed, 1964), Welsh, et al. (1993), Baldwin (2012), and Weber & Wittman (2012).

Habitat of Coll. No. 1818, Barbarea vulgaris

Lyrate lower leaf of Coll. No. 1818, Barbarea vulgaris

Comments: 10/12/2018, Coll. No. 1818, 16 May 2018, characters observed: Probably a biennial or perennial, to 40 cm., terrestrial but growing in flowing water, glabrous throughout; Leaves, lower cauline, 150 mm. × 45 mm. wide, pinnafitid, lyrate, lobes, #9, terminal lobe 47 mm. × 40 mm. wide, auriculate, auricles, glabrous, leaves reduced upward, upper cauline, sessile, 35 mm. × 18 mm. wide, lobes, 3; Inflorescence, not bracted; Flowers, radial; Sepals, 2.5 mm. × 1.8 mm. wide, ovate, rows, #1, color, yellow; Petals, 6 mm., obovate, claw not conspicuously differentiated from blade, margin, entire, color, yellow; Stamens, #6; Filaments, 4 mm., plain; Anthers, 1 mm.; Fruit, pedicels, 5 mm., glabrous, mature, 19.5 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide, spreading, glabrous.

Comments: 10/14/2018, Coll. No. 1819, 16 May 2018, characters observed: Spreading woody shrub, to 2 m., blooming before leafing out; Stem, unarmed, glabrous, peeling to brown; Leaves, (immature, at time of flowering), simple, 15 mm. × 5.5 mm. wide, elliptic-rhomboid, bases ±equal, pinnately veined, margin serrate, teeth eglandular, few hairs on petioles and leaf base margin; Flowers in small groups of 2-3, Pedicels, 9-18 mm.; Hypanthium, 2 mm.; Sepals, 2.8 mm., reflexed, few cobwebby hairs adaxially; Petals, free, 5.5 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, white; Stamens, many (30?); Style, #1, 10 mm.

Coarsely dentate leaves of Coll. No. 1820, Thlaspi arvense

Comments: 10/15/2018, Coll. No. 1820, 16 May 2018, characters observed: Annual terrestrial herb, to 50 cm.; Hairs, 0; Roots, tap-rooted; Leaves, cauline, 30 mm. × 9 mm. wide, sessile, basally lobed, sparsely dentate; Inflorescence, raceme; Flowers, radial; Sepals, 1 row, 2 mm. × 1 mm. wide, ovate; Petals, 3.5 mm. × 1 mm. wide, spoon-shaped, margin entire, color white; Stamens, 2 mm.; Anthers, 0.5 mm.; Fruit, pedicels, 15 mm., glabrous, silicle, 10 mm. × 8 mm. wide, spreading; Seeds, many.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1821, Draba nemorosa

Coll. No. 1821, Draba nemorosa

Overview of Coll. No. 1821, Draba nemorosa

Comments: 10/16/2018, Coll. No. 1821, 16 May 2018, characters observed: Annual terrestrial herb, 11 to 25 cm., hairs vary: none, simple, forked, but not dolabriform; Stem, proximal, hairs simple and forked, distal, glabrous; Leaves, basal and cauline, Basal, simple, 12 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, hairs forked; Cauline, #5-6, sessile, 11 mm. × 4 mm. wide, sparsely dentate, hairs, simple and forked; Inflorescene, raceme; Sepals, rows, #1, 1.3 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, ovate, color, green turning yellow, abaxial hairs wavy; Petals, 2 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, spoon-shaped, margin entire, color, yellow; Stamens, #4 or 6, 1.3 mm.; Anthers, 0.3 mm.; Style, very short; Fruit, pedicels, 20 mm., puberulent, body, 7 mm. × 2 mm. wide, ascending, short straight appressed hairs.

Comments: 10/22/2020, Original determination: Zigadenus paniculatus var. gramineus.

Pieces of Coll. No. 1826, Astragalus shortianus

Comments: 10/17/2018, Coll. No. 1826, 16 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 10 cm., acaulescent; Leaves, compound, petiole, 50 mm., blade, 90 mm. × 37 mm. wide, leaflets, #13, 17 mm. × 10 mm. wide, terminal leaflet not a tendril, petiole, rachis, and leaflets with appressed stiff straight hairs; Inflorescence, not an umbel; Calyx, tube 6 mm. + lobes 4 mm., hairs similar; Flower, zygomorphic, banner 22 mm., wings 18 mm., clawed, keel, 22 mm., tip obtuse; Fruit, 35 mm. × 10 mm. wide, falcate, appressed stiff basifixed straight hairs.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1827, Lithospermum arvense

Comments: 10/21/2018, Coll. No. 1827, 16 May 2018, characters observed: Annual, to 30 cm., hairs appressed with pustular bases; Stem, some branched distally; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, petiole 5 mm. + blade 13 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, slightly obovate, margin entire, hairs as above, withering, cauline, alternate, sessile, 19 mm. × 3.7 mm. wide, margin entire, hairs as above; Calyx, lobes, 5.2 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, enlarged in fruit to 7 mm., hairs as above; Corolla, tube 4 mm. + throat 1 mm. + lobes 1.5 mm., blue to white, abaxial spreading hairy; Stamens, attached in tube; Style, 1.2 mm., Nutlets, #(1-2) 3 (4), 2.8 mm. × 2 mm. wide, green - tan, tuberculed.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1828, Physaria vitulifera.

View of knob where some Physaria vitulifera grow.

Comments: 10/22/2018, Coll. No. 1828, 16 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial terrestrial herb, to 15 cm., stellate hairy throughout; Roots, tap; Stem, scapose, hairs as above; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, simple, petiole 15-35 mm. + blade 22-24 mm. × 10-14 mm. wide, few basal leaves with a single pair of teeth, remainder entire, tip barely acuminate, cauline, nearly sessile, 22 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, margin entire; Inflorescence, raceme, 60-90 mm. × 35 mm, wide; Sepals, #4, rows 1, 7 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide elliptic, green, hairy as above; Petals, 10 mm. × 2 mm. wide, obovate, margin entire, yellow; Stamens, #6 (4 long, 2 short), 6-8 mm.; Filaments, 4.5-6 mm., pair of short filaments slightly winged proximal ½; Anthers, 1.5 mm., saggitate (?); Ovary, 2 mm. × 1.8 mm. wide; Style, 6.4 mm., not elongating in fruit; Fruit, pedicels, 18-20 mm, longest sigmoid, hairs as above, mature fruit, 3 mm. × 4 mm. wide, didymous, apical sinus well-developed, basal sinus much less so, hairy as above.

Will key to P. bellii in Ackerfield (2015) at couplet 17 per the shape of the basal leaves, which are entire to very shallowly once dentate. However, FNANM sends this in the direction of P. vitulifera at couplet 12 based on the relative development of the basal and apical sinuses of the fruit.

Habit of Coll. No. 1835, Erysimum capitatum

Coll. No. 1835, Erysimum capitatum

Comments: 11/1/2018, Coll. No. 1835, 17 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial or at least biennial, terrestrial herb, hairs dolabriform throughout; Root, tap; Stem, erect, leafy, hairs as above; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, simple, petiole, indistinct, ±10 mm., blade 50 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, narrowly oblanceolate, 1-3 shallowly pinnate dentate, cauline, nearly sessile, 42 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, ±linear, marginm entire; Inflorescence, raceme 130 mm. × 45 mm. wide, not bracted; Flowers, radial; Sepals, #4, rows, 1, 7 mm. × 1-1.5 mm. wide, narrow and wide pairs opposite; Petals, claw, 10 mm. + blade 6 mm. × 4 mm. wide, spoon-shaped, margin, entire, color, orange; Stamens, #6, 11 & 15 mm., tetradynamous (2 short, 4 long); Anthers, 4.5 mm.; Ovary, 4 mm.; Style, 9 mm.; Stigma, capitate; Pedicels, 5-6 mm., ascending; Fruit, 17 mm. × 1 mm. wide, ascending, hairy as above.

Coll. No. 1836, Arabis pycnocarpa

Coll. No. 1836, Arabis pycnocarpa var. pycnocarpa

Comments: 11/1/2018, Coll. No. 1836, 17 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial terrestrial herb, to 25 cm. tall, hairs simple proximally; Roots, tap; Stem, erect, leafy; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, simple, petiole 12 mm. + blade 10 mm. × 8 mm. wide, margin entire, ciliate, tip obtuse; cauline, sessile, basally lobed, 22 mm × 6 mm. wide, lanceolate, margin 1-3 dentate; Flowers, radial; Sepals, #4, rows, 1, 2 mm. × 1 mm. wide, ovate, green, glabrous; Petals, 3.7 mm. × 0.9 mm. wide, obovate, margin, entire, color, white; Stamens, #6, 3.5 & 3.8 mm.; Anthers, 0.7 mm., ovate; Ovary, 3 mm.; Stigma, capitate; Fruit, pedicels, 6 mm., fruit, 40 mm. × 1 mm. wide, appressed, glabrous.

Fruit of Coll. No. 1837, Lomatium orientale

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1837, Lomatium orientale

Coll. No. 1837, Lomatium orientale

Comments: 11/2/2018, Coll. No. 1837, 17 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial, to 20 cm., woody taproot; Leaves, compound, pinnate, 75 mm. × 26 mm. wide, ultimate divisions, ≤3 mm., ≤1 mm. wide, villous, tips, obtuse, (with a very small white “spine”); Inflorescence, compound umbel; Involucel Bracts, glabrous; Flowers, white; Anthers, red; Ovary, glabrous, stylopodium, absent; Fruit, 5 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, ovate, glabrous, dorsally compressed, lateral ribs winged.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1841, Rumex acetosella

Coll. No. 1841, Rumex acetosella

Comments: 11/3/2018, Coll. No. 1841, 17 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial herb from woody rootstock, to 30 cm., dioecious (all plants in this collection staminate); Leaves, basal and cauline similar, ocrea, 7-10 mm., petiole 20 mm. + blade 12-24 mm. × 6 mm. wide, base hastate, lobes pointing outward, tip acuminate; Pedicels, 1-3 mm.; Flowers, bulbar-like base, described as stipe-like, but does not look stipe-like such as that seen in Eriogonum umbellatum; Pedicels, 1-3 mm.; Tepals, #6, 1.7 mm., reddish.

Coll. No. 1845, Sisymbrium altissimim

Comments: 11/6/2018, Coll. No. 1845, 18 May 2018, characters observed: Annual terrestrial herb, to 50 mm.; Roots, tap; Stem, erect, branched above, leafy, few simple hairs; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal compound, (petiole short if at all present), 120 mm. × 28 mm. wide, oblong, pinnately divided, few simple hairs on petioles, mid-ribs, and margins; cauline, nearly sessile, lanceolate, very finely pinnately divided; Flowers, radial; Sepals, #4, rows, 1, 3.5-4.5 mm. × 0.8 mm. wide, small hood-shaped appendage at tip; Petals, 7 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, margin, entire, color, yellow; Stamens, tetradynamous, 3.6, 5.2 mm.; Filaments, plain; Anthers, 2 mm.; Stigma, (weakly) 2-lobed; Fruit, 17 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide, ascending, glabrous.

Coll. No. 1851, Astragalus crassicarpus

Comments: 11/4/2018, Coll. No. 1851, 18 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 15 cm., Leaves, compound, stipules free, petiole, 15 mm., blade, 85 mm. × 22 mm. wide, leaflets, #23, 11 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, terminal leaflet, not a tendril, hairs, simple, appressed, straight, Calyx, tube 8 mm. + lobes 3 mm., hairs, simple, some light and some dark, Flower, zygomorphic, white to blue, banner, 24 mm., glabrous, wings, claw, 10 mm., blade, 10 mm., keel, 20 mm., tip, obtuse; Style, persistent, 8 mm.; Fruit, 17 mm. × 7.3 mm. wide, oblong, glabrous.

Coll. No. 1852, Vulpia octoflora

Coll. No. 1852, A little annual Vulpia octoflora

Comments: 11/4/2018, Coll. No. 1852, 18 May 2018, characters observed: Annual, 5-6 cm., tufted; Roots, fibrous; Sheath, 6 mm., open, minutely hairy; Ligule, membraneous, very short; Blade, 4.5 mm. × 0.3 mm. wide, rolled, glabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, raceme, 16 mm. × 5 mm. wide; Spikelets, #6, 6-7 mm., similar, 1 / node, many flowered; Compression, lateral; Disarticulation, between florets; Glumes, lower, 2 mm., vein, #1, upper, 3 mm., veins, #3, keeled, awns, #0; Florets, #5-6 per spikelets; Axis, short hairy abaxially; Lemma, 3.2 mm, >glumes, lanceolate, green, rolled, hairs, 0.2 mm., white/straw color, veins, #3, glabrous, tip entire, awns, #1, 1.8 mm., straight, attached to end; Palea, 2.7 mm., <lemma, membraneous, margin ciliate; keeled.

My collection of Festuca saximontana

Comments: 11/4/2018, Coll. No. 1853, 18 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 60 cm., tufted; Leaves, mostly basal, cauline leaves on flowering culms; Sheath, 75 mm., open, minutely scabrous; Blade, 70 mm. × 1 mm. wide, rolled, minutely scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, panicle, 115 mm. × 8 mm. wide, 2-3 branches, 2.5 mm.; Rachis, finely scabrous; Spikelets, many, similar, 9 mm. × 2 mm. wide, 1 per node; Compression, unremarkable; Disarticulation, unknown; Glumes, lower, 3 mm., veins, #1, upper, 4 mm., veins, #3, awns, #0, margins, entire; Florets, 4(5) per spikelet; Axis, few short hairs; Lemma, 4.5 mm., >glumes, lanceolate, membraneous, veins, #5, parallel, margin, chartaceous, tip, entire, acute, awns, #1, 2.5 mm., straight, attached, end (remove palea before making this determination), Palea, 4 mm., <lemma, membraneous, glabrous, tip, 2-forked; Anthers, 1.5 mm.

Placed in F. saximontana per the short anthers. This is one of several collections from Upper Washington Avenue Open Space that will key out as either F. idahoensis or F. saximontana, neither of which are really native to Golden. This was likely planted as part of a revegetation project. In fact, one voucher of this collection will contain remnants of the plastic netting commonly used in such projects.

Comments: 11/4/2018, Coll. No. 1854, 18 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial, to 60 cm., 1 of 3 plants collected has a rhizome; Roots, fibrous; Stem, herbaceous; Internodes, hollow; Sheath, 90 mm., open; Ligule, membraneous; Blade, 45 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, flat, scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, panicle, 85 mm. × 10 mm. wide, 4 branches per node; Spikelets, many, similar, 1 per node, 4 mm. × 1.2 mm. wide; Compression, lateral; Glumes, lower, 2 mm., veins, #1, upper, 2.7 mm., veins, #3, awns, #0; Florets, 2 per spikelet; Callus, hairs, ½ length of lemma, cobwebby; Lemma, 2.5 mm., >glumes, ovate, membraneous, keeled, hairy, veins, #3, tip, entire, awns, #0; Palea, 2 mm., green on veins, glabrous; Anthers, 1.2 mm.

Coll. No. 1855, Poa secunda ssp. secunda

Comments: 11/5/2018, Coll. No. 1855, 18 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial, to 50 cm., not rhizomatous; Internodes, hollow, glabrous; Sheath, 60 mm., open; Ligule, membranous, 4 mm., auricles, 0.2-0.3 mm.; Blade, 20-37 mm. × 2 mm. to 1 mm. wide, flat, tip folded and fused (prow-shaped), mid-rib and margins sparsely scabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, panicle, 80 mm. × 11 mm. wide, 1-5  branches, 3-7 mm., spikelets, many; Rachis, sparsely scabrous, nodes yellowish; Spikelets, many, similar, 1 per node, 5-6.2 mm. × 1.5-2 mm. wide, 2-many flowered; Compression, unremarkable; Glumes, lower, 2.5 mm., veins, #3, upper, 3.2 mm., veins, #3, awns, #0; Florets, 3 per spikelet, fertile; Axis, sparsely hairy; Lemma, 3.5 mm., ±=glumes, lanceolate, membranous, rounded proximal ½ to weakly keeled above, wavy hairy (to 0.5 mm.) proximally, not cobwebby, color, green, veins, #5, ±parallel, tip, entire, obtuse, awns, #0; Palea, 3.2 mm., ±lemma, membranous, glabrous, greenish at base and margins, Anthers, 1.3 mm.

Coll. No. 1857, Vicia americana var. minor

Comments: 11/9/2018, Coll. No. 1857, 23 May 2018, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 30 cm., sprawling; Stem, not winged, hairs, simple, basifixed; Leaves, compound, stipules, free, 7 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, leaflets, #10, 22 mm. × 3.7 mm. wide, oblong, terminal leaflet, a tendril, variously forked or not, hairs, simple, basifixed; Inflorescence, raceme, 3-4 flowers, pedicels 22-28 mm.; Calyx, tube 4-5 mm. + lobes 2 mm., longer abaxially, simple basifixed hairs; Flower, zygomorphic, banner, 18 mm., reflexed at middle, back glabrous, blade, 17 mm., keel, 13 mm., tip obtuse; Stigma, round, ring of hairs below stigma.